Bibliography

Introduction

Listed are a variety of sources: official government reports; the reports of nongovernmental organizations at the international, regional, and national levels; and works by individuals. The works by individuals include academic studies, testimonials by those affected by the “dirty wars,” and creative works—novels, short stories, poetry, plays, and films. Most of the sources are listed under the individual countries, though sources covering two or more of the countries are listed in the “General Works” section. When a general work contains chapters on individual countries, each chapter is listed separately under the appropriate country. Many of the sources are in Spanish or Portuguese; others were originally published in English. When an English translation is available, it is listed first, followed by the publishing information for the original work.

Important primary sources documenting human-rights violations committed during the “dirty wars” are the reports issued by government truth commissions, such as Nunca Más [Never Again] (“Argentina-Aftermath,” under the corporate author Argentina. Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas), and the Report of the Chilean National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation, two volumes (“Chile—Aftermath,” under the corporate author Chile. Comisión Nacional de Verdad y Reconciliación). The report of Uruguay’s truth commission—Comisión Investigadora Parlamentaria sobre Situación de Personas Desaparecidas y Hechos que la Motivaron (Commission on the Situation of “Disappeared” People and Its Causes)—is available within the five volumes published under the title Investigación Histórica sobre Detenidos Desaparecidos en Uruguay (“Uruguay—Aftermath,” under the corporate author Uruguay. Presidencia de la República. It is also at www.desaparecidos.org/uru). The reports on Chile and Uruguay documented deaths and disappearances but not torture. In 2004 Chile issued a 1,200-page torture report titled Informe de la the Comisión Nacional sobre Prisión Política y Tortura (“Chile—Aftermath,” under the corporate title Chile. Comisión Nacional sobre Prisión Política y Tortura). In Uruguay, the nongovernmental human-rights organization Servicio Paz y Justicia-Uruguay produced its own truth report, Uruguay Nunca Más: Human Rights Violations, 1972-1985 (“Aftermath”). Bolivia’s truth commission never published a final report, though Federico Aguiló attempted to fill the void by compiling “Nunca más” para Bolivia, published by the nongovernmental organization Asamblea Permanente de Derechos Humanos de Bolivia (“Aftermath”). In Brazil, the report Nunca Mais (Never Again, published in English as Torture in Brazil) was published not by the government but by the Archdiocese of São Paulo. Yet it is perhaps the most authoritative of the reports, based not on victims’ testimonies but on the military dictatorship’s own documents, which an archdiocesan team secretly photocopied. (It is listed in “Aftermath,” under the corporate author Catholic Church. Archdiocese of São Paulo.) In 2007 the Brazilian government issued the 500-page report Direito à memória e à verdade (The Right to Memory and the Truth), acknowledging the dictatorship’s role in torture, rape, and murder. It is available on the Web. Paraguay never established a truth commission, but the Centro de Estudios Paraguayos “Antonio Guasch,” a nongovernmental organization, published El precio de la paz (The Cost of Peace), a collection of victims’ testimonies (“Paraguay—Aftermath,” under the name of its editor, José María Blanch).

Reports issued by regional and international human-rights organizations-especially following site visits—are important sources as well, having directed international attention to the region and the offending countries. Among the organizations whose policy it was to publish reports were the Organization of American States Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), and Amnesty International. During the 1970s and 1980s, the IACHR published reports on Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay. All IACHR reports, past and present, are available—in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and French—on the organization’s Web site at www.cidh.oas.org. An ICJ report is available for Chile (“Dirty War—Nonfiction”), and Amnesty International reports are listed in the “General Works” section as well as in the “Dirty War—Nonfiction” sections for the countries involved. Although it is not the policy of the Red Cross to publish reports, its report on Uruguay was leaked; it appeared in the New York Review of Books under the title “In Libertad Prison” (“Dirty War—Nonfiction,” under the author J. F. LaBarthe). Victims’ testimonials, or testimonios, are listed in the “‘Dirty War’-Nonfiction” sections under the countries involved. Perhaps the best known is Prisoner without a Name, Cell without a Number (Preso sin nombre, celda sin número), in which the late Argentine journalist Jacobo Timerman relates his detention and torture under General Ramón Camps. Many testimonios, however—like the three-volume Las manos en el fuego, by the Uruguayan Ernesto González Bermejo—remain untranslated.

Another category of works representing the past is literature, or what has become known as the literature of the dictatorship. Some of the works included are symbolic and allegorical, such as Cristina Peri Rossi’s novel Ship of Fools (La nave de los locos), which examines the dictatorship in Uruguay. Many readers may already be familiar with authors who have been translated into English—for example, Antфnio Callado, Manuel Puig, and Luisa Valenzuela. There are, however, many works, in Spanish and Portuguese, that remain untranslated. It is hoped that their inclusion will stimulate the interest of readers and scholars in bringing these texts to the attention of the English-speaking public. Movies are another way to represent the past, and like works of literature, items in this category may be allegorical, set in a different time period, or even set in a different country. Sweet Country (Dulce país), directed by Michael Cacoyannis and based on the novel by Caroline Richards, is ostensibly about Chile, though it may apply equally to Greece, which went through its own period of dictatorship. Camila, directed by María Luisa Bemberg, is set in Argentina during an earlier repressive period, but could be taken as a statement about the most recent one. Il postino (The Postman), based on the novel Ardiente paciencia, by Chile’s Antonio Skármeta, is set in Italy. Among the feature films are La historia oficial (The Official Story) (on Argentina), the Kiss of the Spider Woman (also on Argentina), Missing (on Chile), State of Siege (on Uruguay), and The Year My Parents Went on Vacation (on Brazil). Documentaries include One Man’s War (about the Filártiga case in Paraguay) and the series of films directed by Patricio Guzmán: La batalla de Chile (parts one, two, and three) and Le cas Pinochet (El caso Pinochet, The Pinochet Case).

Among the secondary sources are two books on Operation Condor: Predatory States: Operation Condor and Covert War in Latin America (2005), by J. Patrice McSherry, and the more popularly titled The Condor Years: How Pinochet and His Allies Brought Terrorism to Three Continents (2004), by John Dinges (“General Works”). Books on the individual countries include Guerrillas and Generals: The “Dirty War” in Argentina (2002), by Paul H. Lewis; A Concise History of Bolivia (2003), by Herbert S. Klein; The Politics of Military Rule in Brazil, 1964-85 (1988), by Thomas E. Skidmore; A Concise History of Brazil (1999), by Boris Fausto; Chile under Pinochet: Uncovering the Truth (2000), by Mark Ensalaco; Soldiers in a Narrow Land: The Pinochet Regime in Chile (1994), by Mary Helen Spooner; and The Stroessner Era: Authoritarian Rule in Paraguay (1990), by Carlos R. Miranda. All are listed in the “Dirty War—Nonfiction” sections. Uruguay: Democracy at the Crossroads (1988), by Martin Weinstein, is listed in the “Aftermath” section.

The bibliography does not attempt to list critical and interpretive works on the literature of dictatorship. The following titles, however, can be mentioned as examples of secondary sources available on literary criticism: Jorgelina Corbatta’s Narrativas de la guerra sucia en Argentina: Piglia, Saer, Valenzuela, Puig (“Argentina—Aftermath”) and Jorge Ruffinelli’s “Uruguay: Dictadura y re-democratización: Un informe sobre la literatura, 1973–1989” (“Uruguay—Aftermath”). The body of critical material on the topic is vast, and the Modern Language Association database remains an excellent tool for identifying additional titles.

The OpenWeb is useful in various ways. First, in addition to accessing some of the documents listed above, it can be used to access the declassified documents collected and published by the National Security Archive (www.gwu.edu/Bibliographynsarchiv), an independent nongovernmental organization located at George Washington University. Second, it can be used to find information on human-rights organizations. Third, it can be used to find biographical information, supplementing information found in traditional library sources such as Current Biography (H. W. Wilson Company, various years), biographical dictionaries, and secondary sources.

Although the bibliography comprises mostly books, book chapters, and articles in academic journals, it also lists significant magazine and newspaper articles. The following news sources were consulted as well:

Agence France Presse

Associated Press

British Broadcasting Corporation

Chicago Tribune

Christian Science Monitor

Clarín

EFE News Services

El mundo

El país

Guardian (London)

Independent (London)

Inter Press Service

Los Angeles Times

New York Times

NPR

Página

San Francisco Chronicle

UOL

Washington Post

GENERAL WORKS

Nonfiction

■ Agee, Philip. Inside the Company: CIA Diary. New York: Stonehill, 1975.

■ Agosín, Marjorie, and Monica Bruno, eds. Surviving beyond Fear: Women, Children, and Human Rights in Latin America. Fredonia, N.Y.: White Pine Press, 1993.

■ Amnesty International. Report on Torture. London: Duckworth, 1973.

■ Amnesty International USA. Disappearances: A Workbook. New York: Amnesty International USA, 1981.

■ Andrew, Christopher. For the President’s Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush. New York: HarperCollins, 1995.

■ Baumgartner, José Luis. Mamá Julien. Montevideo: Ediciones Trilce, 1988.

■ Bickford, Louis. “Human Rights Archives and Research on Historical Memory: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay.” Latin American Research Review 35, no. 2 (2000): 160–82.

■ Brewin, Andrew, Louis Duclos, and David MacDonald, Members of the Canadian Parliament. One Gigantic Prison: The Report of the Fact-Finding Mission to Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay, September 30 to October 10, 1976. Toronto: Inter-Church Committee on Chile, 1976.

■ Brito, Alexandra Barahona de. Human Rights and Democratization in Latin America: Uruguay and Chile. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

■ Bunster-Burotto, Ximena. “Surviving beyond Fear: Women and Torture in Latin America.” In Women and Change in Latin America, June Nash, Helen Safa, and contributors, 297–325. South Hadley, Mass.: Bergin & Garvey, 1985.

■ Carothers, Thomas. In the Name of Democracy: U.S. Policy toward Latin America in the Reagan Years. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.

■ Corradi, Juan E., Patricia Weiss Fagen, and Manuel Antonio Garretón, eds. Fear at the Edge: State Terror and Resistance in Latin America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.

■ Davis, William Columbus. Warnings from the Far South: Democracy versus Dictatorship in Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1995.

■ Deming, Angus, and Scott Sullivan. “Carter’s Point Woman” [Patricia Derian]. Newsweek (16 May 1977): 70.

■ Dinges, John. The Condor Years: How Pinochet and His Allies Brought Terrorism to Three Continents. New York: New Press, 2004.

■ Drake, Paul W. Labor Movements and Dictatorships: The Southern Cone in Comparative Perspective. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

■ Dussell, Enrique, ed. The Church in Latin America, 1492-1992. In A History of the Church in the Third World, vol. 1. Tunbridge Wells, Kent: Burns & Oates; Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1992.

■ Encyclopedia of Genocide. 2 vols. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 1999.

■ Forsythe, David P. “Human Rights in U.S. Foreign Policy: Retrospect and Prospect.” Political Science Quarterly 105, no. 3 (1990): 435–54.

■ Frankel, Marvin E., with Ellen Saidman. Out of the Shadows of Night: The Struggle for International Human Rights. New York: Delacorte, 1989.

■ Guiraldes, Juan José. “Saving the Western Hemisphere: The Threat to the Americas.” Vital Speeches of the Day (1 October 1979): 756–61.

■ Gunson, Phil, Andrew Thompson, and Greg Chamberlain. The Dictionary of Contemporary Politics of South America. New York: Macmillan, 1989.

■ Harbury, Jennifer K. Truth, Torture, and the American Way: The History and Consequences of U.S. Involvement in Torture. Boston: Beacon Press, 2005.

■ Hayner, Priscilla B. “Fifteen Truth Commissions—1974 to 1994: A Comparative Study.” Human Rights Quarterly 16, no. 4 (1994): 597–655.

■ ———. Unspeakable Truths: Facing the Challenge of Truth Commissions. New York: Routledge, 2002.

■ Holston, Mark. “Moving Monuments to Dark Memories.” Americas (January/ February 2005): 4.

■ Jelin, Elizabeth. Los trabajos de la memoria. Memorias de la Represión series, vol. 1. Madrid: Siglo XXI de España: Social Science Research Council, 2002.

■ King, Peter John. “Comparative Analysis of Human Rights Violations under Military Rule in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay.” Statistical Abstract of Latin America 27 (1989): 1043–65.

■ Klaiber, Jeffrey L. The Church, Dictatorships, and Democracy in Latin America. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1998.

■ Kohl, James, and John Litt. Urban Guerrilla Warfare in Latin America. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1974.

■ Lebovic, James H., and Erik Voeten. “The Politics of Shame: The Condemnation of Country Human Rights Practices in the UNCHR.” International Studies Quarterly 50, no. 4 (2006): 861–88.

■ Lernoux, Penny. Cry of the People: United States Involvement in the Rise of Fascism, Torture, and Murder and the Persecution of the Catholic Church in Latin America. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1980.

■ McQuade, Frank. “Exile and Dictatorship in Latin America since 1945: An Annotated Bibliography.” Third World Quarterly 9, no. 1 (1987): 254–70.

■ McSherry, J. Patrice. Predatory States: Operation Condor and Covert War in Latin America. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005.

■ Menjívar, Cecilia, and Néstor Rodríguez, eds. When States Kill: Latin America, the U.S., and Technologies of Terror. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005.

■ Muravchik, Joshua. The Uncertain Crusade: Jimmy Carter and the Dilemmas of Human Rights Policy. Lanham, Md.: Hamilton Press, 1986.

■ O’Connor, Anne-Marie. “Out of the Ashes: Helping Torture Survivors Heal Is Becoming a Public Health Specialty, with the U.S. Moving to Subsidize Programs in L.A. and Elsewhere.” Los Angeles Times, 22 October 2000, home edition.

■ O’Donnell, Guillermo, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

■ Perelli, Carina. “From Counterrevolutionary Warfare to Political Awakening: The Uruguyan and Argentine Armed Forces in the 1970s.” Armed Forces and Society 20, no. 1 (1993): 25–49.

■ Rahmani-Ocora, Ladan. “Giving the Emperor Real Clothes: The UN Human

■ Rights Council.” Global Governance 12, no. 1 (2006): 15–20.

■ Ranelagh, John. The Agency: The Rise and Decline of the CIA. Revised and updated. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987.

■ Rojo, Ricardo. My Friend Ché. Translated by Julian Casart. New York: Dial Press, 1968. Translation of Mi amigo el Ché (Buenos Aires: Editorial Jorge Alvarez, 1968).

■ Roniger, Luis, and Mario Sznajder. The Legacy of Human-Rights Violations in the Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

■ Rouquié, Alain. El estado militar en América Latina. Buenos Aires: Emecé, 1984.

■ Schneider, Cathy Lisa. “Violence, Identity and Spaces of Contention in Chile, Argentina, and Colombia.” Social Research 67, no. 3 (2000): 773–802.

■ Schoultz, Lars. Beneath the United States: A History of U.S. Policy toward Latin America. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998.

■ Serbin, Kenneth P. “Memory and Method in the Emerging Historiography of Latin America’s Authoritarian Era.” Latin American Politics & Society 48, no. 3 (2006): 185–198.

■ Sikkink, Kathryn. Mixed Signals: U.S. Human Rights Policy and Latin America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004.

■ State Crimes: Punishment or Pardon: Papers and Report of the Conference, November 4-6, 1988, Wye Center, Maryland. Queenstown, Md.: Justice and Society Program of the Aspen Institute, 1989.

■ Taylor, Diana. Theatre of Crisis: Drama and Politics in Latin America. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1991.

■ Terlingen, Yvonne. “The Human Rights Council: A New Era in UN Human Rights Work?” Ethics & International Affairs 21, no. 2 (2007): 167–78.

■ Waldmann, Peter. “Guerrilla Movements in Argentina, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Uruguay.” In Political Violence and Terror: Motifs and Motivations, edited by Peter H. Merkl, 257–81. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.

■ Whitaker, Arthur P. The United States and the Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976.

■ Wiarda, Howard J., and Harvey F. Kline, eds. Latin American Politics and Development, 2d ed. Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1985.

■ Wren, Christopher. “Salvaging Lives after Torture.” New York Times Magazine (17 August 1986): 18–20.

■ Zlotchew, Clark M., and Paul David Seldis, eds. Voices of the River Plate: Interviews with Writers of Argentina and Uruguay. San Bernadino, Calif.: Borgo Press, 1993.

Literature

■ Agosín, Marjorie. Writing toward Hope: The Literature of Human Rights in Latin America. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007.

■ Albán, Laureano. Biografías del terror. San José: Editorial Costa Rica, 1987. Breaking Free: An Anthology of Human Rights Poetry. Selected by Robert Hull. New York: Thomson Learning, 1995.

■ Chávez Alfaro, Lizandro, et al. ¡Exilio! Mexico: Tinta Libre, 1977.

■ Partnoy, Alicia, ed. You Can’t Drown the Fire: Latin American Women Writing in Exile. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Cleis, 1988.

Films and Documentaries

■ Che, vo, cachai. Written and directed by Laura Bondarevsky. 76 minutes. Hasta la Victoria, S.A., 2002.

■ Death Squadrons: The French School. Directed by Marie-Monique Robin. 60 minutes. Ideale Audience, Studio Canal+, and ARTE France, 2003.

■ Down Came a Blackbird. Directed by Jonathan Sanger. 112 minutes. Viacom Pictures, 1995.

■ Esperanza incierta, La (Uncertain Hope). Directed by Fernando Sanatoro. 52 minutes. 1991.

■ Father Roy: Inside the School of Assassins. Directed by Robert Richter. 60 minutes. Richter Productions, 1997.

■ School of the Assassins. Narrated by Susan Sarandon. 18 minutes. Maryknoll World Productions, 1994.

ARGENTINA

Background to the “Dirty War”

■ Carlson, Eric Stener. “The Influence of French ‘Revolutionary War’ Ideology on the Use of Torture in Argentina’s ‘Dirty War.’” Human Rights Review 1, no. 4 (2000): 71–84.

■ Cavarozzi, Marcelo. “Political Cycles in Argentina since 1955.” In Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Latin America, edited by Guillermo O’Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, 19–48. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

■ Cox, Robert. “The Second Death of Perón?” New York Review of Books 30 (8 December 1983): 18–22.

■ ———. “Total Terrorism: Argentina, 1969 to 1979.” In Terrorism, Legitimacy, and Power: The Consequences of Political Violence, edited by Martha Crenshaw, 124–42. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1983.

■ Crawley, Eduardo. A House Divided, Argentina 1880-1980. London: Hurst, 1984.

■ Davis, William Columbus. “Argentina: A Divided Land.” Chap. 3 in Warnings from the Far South: Democracy versus Dictatorship in Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile, 71–149. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1995.

■ Gillespie, Richard. “Armed Struggle in Argentina.” New Scholar 8, nos. 1 and 2 (1982): 387–427.

■ ———. “Political Violence in Argentina: Guerrillas, Terrorists, and Carapintadas.” In Terrorism in Context, edited by Martha Crenshaw, 211–48. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995.

■ ———. Soldiers of Perón: Argentina’s Montoneros. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.

■ Hodges, Donald Clark. Argentina, 1943-1987: The National Revolution and Resistance, rev. ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1988.

■ ———. Argentina’s “Dirty War”: An Intellectual Biography. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991.

■ Lewis, Paul. “The Right and Military, 1955–1983.” In The Argentine Right: Its History and Intellectual Origins, 1910 to the Present, edited by Sandra McGee Deutsch and Ronald H. Dolkart, 147–80. Wilmington, Del.: SR Books, 1993.

■ Moyano, María José. Argentina’s Lost Patrol: Armed Struggle, 1969-1979. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1995.

■ Opfell, Olga S. “Isabel Perón: President of Argentina.” In Women Prime Ministers and Presidents. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1993.

■ Potash, Robert A. The Army and Politics in Argentina, 1962-1973: From Frondizi’s Fall to the Peronist Restoration. Vol. 3. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996.

■ Rock, David. Argentina 1516-1987: From Spanish Colonization to Alfonsín, rev. ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.

■ ———. Authoritarian Argentina: The Nationalist Movement, Its History, and Its Impact. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. Published in Spanish under the title La Argentina autoritaria: los nacionalistas, su historia y su influencia en la vida pública (Buenos Aires: Ariel, 1993).

■ Snow, Peter G. “Argentina: Politics in a Conflict Society.” In Latin American Politics and Development, 2d ed., edited by Howard J. Wiarda and Harvey F. Kline, 123–59. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1985.

■ Verbitsky, Horacio. Ezeiza. Buenos Aires: Editorial Contrapunto, 1985.

■ Walsh, Rodolfo. Caso Satanowski. 2d ed. Buenos Aires: Ediciones de la Flor, 1986.

■ ———. Operación masacre. 22d ed. Buenos Aires: Ediciones de la Flor, 2001.

■ ———. ¿Quién mató a Rosendo? 7th ed. Buenos Aires: Ediciones de la Flor, 1997.

The “Dirty War,” 1976-1983

Nonfiction and Testimonios

■ Actis, Munú, et al. That Inferno: Conversations of Five Women Survivors of an Argentine Torture Camp. Translated by Gretta Siebentritt. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2006. Translation of Ese infierno: Conversaciones de cinco mujeres sobrevivientes de la ESMA (Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 2001).

■ Amnesty International. Report of the Mission to Argentina, November 6-15, 1976. London: Amnesty International, 1977.

■ ———. Testimony on Secret Detention Camps in Argentina. London: Amnesty International, 1980.

■ Andersen, Martin Edwin. Dossier Secreto: Argentina’s Desaparecidos and the Myth of the “Dirty War.” Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1993.

■ Archetti, Eduardo P. “Argentina 1978: Military Nationalism, Football Essentialism, and Moral Ambivalence.” Chap. 8 in National Identity and Global Sports Events: Culture, Politics, and Spectacle in the Olympics and the Football World Cup, edited by Alan Tomlinson and Christopher Young, 133–47. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2006.

■ Arditti, Rita. Searching for Life: The Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo and the Disappeared Children of Argentina. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.

■ Arditti, Rita, and M. Brinton Lykes. “The Disappeared Children of Argentina: The Work of the Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo.” In Surviving beyond Fear: Women, Children, and Human Rights in Latin America, edited by Marjorie Agosín and Monica Bruno, 168–75. Fredonia, N.Y.: White Pine Press, 1993.

■ Armony, Ariel C. Argentina, the United States, and the Anti-Communist Crusade in Central America. Athens: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1997.

■ Asociación de Periodistas de Buenos Aires. Con vida los queremos: Periodistas desaparecidos. Buenos Aires: La Asociación, 1986.

■ Bonasso, Miguel. Recuerdo de la muerte. Buenos Aires: Bruguera, 1984.

■ Bondone, José Luis. Con mis hijos en las cárceles del Proceso. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Dialéctica, 1988.

■ Bousquet, Jean Pierre. Las locas de Plaza de Mayo. Translated by Jacques Despres. Buenos Aires: El Cid Editor, 1983. Translation of Les folles de la place de Mai (Paris: Stock, 1982).

■ Bouvard, Marguerite Guzman. Revolutionizing Motherhood: The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1994.

■ Brienza, Hernán. Maldito tú eres: El caso Von Wernich: Iglesia y represión ilegal. Buenos Aires: Marea Editorial, 2003.

■ Camps, Ramón J. A. El poder en la sombra. Buenos Aires: RO. CA. Producciones S.R.L., 1983.

■ Carlson, Marifran. “A Tragedy and a Miracle: Leonar Alonso and the Human Cost of State Terrorism in Argentina.” In Surviving beyond Fear: Women, Children, and Human Rights in Latin America, edited by Marjorie Agosín and Monica Bruno, 71–85. Fredonia, N.Y.: White Pine Press, 1993.

■ Catholic Church. Conferencia Argentina. Documentos del Episcopado Argentino sobre la violencia, 1970-1977. Buenos Aires: Editorial Claretina, 1977.

■ Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales. Testimonio sobre el centro clandestino de detención de la Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada Argentina, ESMA. Buenos Aires: Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales, 1984.

■ Chelala, César A. “Women of Valor: An Interview with the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo.” In Surviving beyond Fear: Women, Children, and Human Rights in Latin America, edited by Marjorie Agosín and Monica Bruno, 58–70. Fredonia, N.Y.: White Pine Press, 1993.

■ Ciancaglini, Sergio, and Martín Granovsky. Crónicas del apocalipsis. Buenos Aires: Editorial Contrapunto, 1985.

■ Cohen, Roberta. “Human Rights Diplomacy: The Carter Administration and the Southern Cone.” Human Rights Quarterly 4, no. 2 (1982): 212–42.

■ Contepomi, Gustavo, Patricia Contepomi, and Roberto Raúl Reyna. La perla 2. Córdoba, Argentina: El Cid Editor, 1984. Sequel to La perla, by Roberto Raúl Reyna.

■ Cox, David, and Robert John Cox. Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1976-1983: The Exile of Editor Robert J. Cox. Charleston, S.C.: Evening Post Pub. Co. with Joggling Board Press, 2008. Translation of En honor a la verdad: Memorias desde el exilio de Robert Cox (Buenos Aires: Colihue, 2002).

■ Diago, Alejandro. Hebe, memoria y esperanza: Conversando con las Madres de Plaza de Mayo. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Dialéctica, 1988.

■ DuBois, Lindsay. “Torture and the Construction of an Enemy: The Example of Argentina.” Dialectical Anthropology 15, no. 4 (1990): 317–28.

■ Duhalde, Eduardo. El estado terrorista argentino. Buenos Aires: Ediciones El Caballito, 1983.

■ ———. El estado terrorista argentino: Quince años después, una mirada crítica. Buenos Aires: Eudeba, 1999.

■ Escudé, Carlos. La Argentina:¿Paria internacional? Buenos Aires: Editorial de Belgrano, 1984.

■ Familiares de Desaparecidos y Detenidos por Razones Políticas. Abogados desaparecidos: República Argentina. Buenos Aires: Familiares de Desaparecidos y Detenidos por Razones Políticas, 1988.

■ Fisher, Jo. Mothers of the Disappeared. Boston: South End Press, 1989.

■ Frontalini, Daniel, and María Cristina Caiati. El mito de la guerra sucia. Buenos Aires: Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales, 1984.

■ Gabetta, Carlos. Todos somos subversivos. Buenos Aires: Bruguera, 1983.

■ Gasparini, Juan. Montoneros: Final de cuentas. Ed. Ampliada. La Plata, Argentina: De La Campana, 1999.

■ Gelman, Juan, and Mara la Madrid. Ni el flaco perdón de Diós: Hijos de desaparecidos. Buenos Aires: Planeta, 1997.

■ Giussani, Pablo. Montoneros: La soberbia armada. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana/Planeta, 1984.

■ Goñi, Uki. Judas: La verdadera historia de Alfredo Astiz, el infiltrado. 2d ed. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1996.

■ González Janzen, Ignacio. La Triple-A. Buenos Aires: Editorial Contrapunto, 1986.

■ Graham-Yooll, Andrew. A State of Fear: Memories of Argentina’s Nightmare. London: Eland, 1986.

■ Graziano, Frank. Divine Violence: Spectacle, Psychosexuality, and Radical Christianity in the Argentine “Dirty War.” Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1982.

■ Guest, Iain. Behind the Disappearances: Argentina’s Dirty War against Human Rights and the United Nations. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990.

■ Gutiérrez, María Alicia. Iglesia Católica, estado y democracia. Serie Documentos de trabajo/ EURAL, no. 52. Buenos Aires: EURAL, 1993.

■ Hagelin, Ragnar. Mi hija Dagmar (My Daughter Dagmar). Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1984.

■ Johnson, Peter T. “Academic Press Censorship under Military and Civilian Regimes: The Argentine and Brazilian Cases, 1964–1975.” In Luso-Brazilian Review 15, no. 1 (Summer 1978): 3–25.

■ Jordán, Alberto R. El proceso: 1976/1983. Buenos Aires: Emecé Editores, 1993.

■ Kaplan, Temma. Taking Back the Streets: Women, Youth, and Direct Democracy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.

■ Kaufman, Victor S. “The Bureau of Human Rights during the Carter Administration.” Historian 61, no. 1 (1998): 51–66.

■ Kimel, Eduardo. La masacre de San Patricio. Buenos Aires: Lohlé-Lumen, 1995.

■ Klaiber, Jeffrey L. “Argentina (1976–1983): The ‘Dirty War.’” Chap. 4 in The Church, Dictatorships, and Democracy in Latin America, 66–91. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1998.

■ Kon, Daniel. Los chicos de la guerra = The Boys of the War. Dunton Green, England: New English Library, 1983. Translation of Los chicos de la guerra: Hablan los soldados que estuvieron en Malvinas, 1982. The basis of the film Los chicos de la guerra.

■ Lewis, Paul H. Guerrillas and Generals: The “Dirty War” in Argentina. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2002.

■ López Echagüe, Hernán. El enigma del general Bussi: De la Operación Independencia a la Operación Retorno. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1991.

■ Marchak, M. Patricia. God’s Assassins: State Terrorism in Argentina in the 1970s. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1999.

■ Martín de Pozuelo, Eduardo, and Santiago Tarín. España acusa. Barcelona: Plaza & Janés, 1999.

■ Mellibovsky, Matilde. Circle of Love over Death: Testimonies of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo. Translated by Maria and Matthew Proser. Willimantic, Conn.: Curbstone Press, 1997. Translation of Círculo de amor sobre la muerte (Buenos Aires: Ediciones de Pensamiento Nacional, 1990).

■ Memoria activa: 5 años de impunidad. Buenos Aires: Editorial La Página, 1999.

■ Metres, Katherine. “U.S. and U.N. Human Rights Policy toward Argentina, 1977–1980.” Michigan Journal of Political Science 19 (1995): 93–153.

■ Mignone, Emilio Fermín. Witness to the Truth: The Complicity of Church and Dictatorship in Argentina, 1976-1983. Translated by Phillip Berryman. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1988. Translation of Iglesia y dictadura: El papel de la iglesia a la luz de sus relaciones con el regimen militar (Buenos Aires: Ediciones de Pensamiento Nacional, 1986).

■ Miguens, José Enrique. Honor militar, violencia terrorista y conciencia moral. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana/Planeta, 1986.

■ Mittlebach, Federico, and Jorge Luis Mittlebach. Sobre áreas y tumbas: Informe sobre desaparecedores. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 2000.

■ Monteleone, Jorge. “Cuerpo constelado: Sobre la poesía de rock argentina.” Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos, nos. 517–519 (1993): 401–20.

■ Navarro, Marysa. “The Personal Is Political: Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo.” In Power and Popular Protest: Latin American Social Movements, edited by Susan Eckstein, 241–58. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.

■ Nosiglia, Julio E. Botín de guerra. Buenos Aires: Cooperativa Tierra Fértil, 1985.

■ Oberti, Alejandra, and Roberto Pittaluga. Memorias en montaje: Escrituras de militancia y pensamientios sobre la historia. Buenos Aires: Ediciones el Cielo por Asalto, 2006.

■ Ogando, Ariel. Latinoamérica lucha: Entrevistas a Hebe de Bonafini, Javier Calderón, Ivo Ribeira de Avila y Adelmar Cibulski. Jujuy, Argentina: Ediciones Wayruro, 1998.

■ Oria, Piera Paola. De la casa a la plaza. Buenos Aires: Editorial Nueva America, 1987.

■ Paoletti, Alipio. Como los Nazis, como en Vietnam. Buenos Aires: Editorial Contrapunto, 1987.

■ Partnoy, Alicia. The Little School: Tales of Disappearance and Survival in Argentina. Translated by Alicia Partnoy with Lois Athey and Sandra Braunstein. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Cleis, 1986. Translation of La escuelita (no publication information available).

■ ———. Revenge of the Apple = Venganza de la manzana. Translated by Richard Schaaf, Regina Kreger, and Alicia Partnoy. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Cleis Press, 1992.

■ Peregrino Fernández, Rodolfo. Autocrítica policial. Buenos Aires: Fundación para la Democracia en Argentina: El Cid Editor, 1983.

■ Pucciarelli, Alfredo R. Empresarios, tecnócratas y militares: La trama corporativa de la última dictadura. Buenos Aires: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 2004.

■ Reyna, Roberto Raúl. La perla. Cordoba, Argentina: El Cid Editor, 1984.

■ Robben, Antonius C. G. M. Political Violence and Trauma in Argentina. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2005.

■ ———. “State Terror in the Netherworld: Disappearance and Reburial in Argentina.” In Death Squad: The Anthropology of State Terror, edited by Jeffrey A. Sluka, 91–113. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000.

■ Rodríguez, Andrea. Nacidos en la sombra: La historia secreta de los mellizos Reggiardo Tolosa y el subcomisario Miara. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1996.

■ Rodríguez Molas, Ricardo. Historias de la tortura y el orden represivo en la Argentina. Buenos Aires: Eudebe, 1985.

■ Rosenberg, Tina. Children of Cain: Violence and the Violent in Latin America. New York: Penguin Books, 1991.

■ Sánchez, Matilde. Historias de vida: Hebe de Bonafini. Buenos Aires: Fraterna/ Del Nuevo Extremo, 1985.

■ Seisdedos, Gabriel. El honor de Dios: Mártires palotinos: La historia silenciada de un crimen impune. Buenos Aires: San Pablo, 1996.

■ Seoane, María, and Hector Ruíz Núñez. La noche de los lápices. Buenos Aires: Editorial Contrapunto, 1986.

■ Solana, Fernando. Otro país es possible: La alternativa que somos. Buenos Aires: Editorial 19 de Julio, 1992.

■ Solari Yrigoyen, Hipólito. Los años crueles. Buenos Aires: Bruguera, 1983.

■ Taylor, Diana. “Spectacular Bodies: Gender, Terror, and Argentina’s ‘Dirty War.’” In Gendering War Talk, edited by Miriam Cooke and Angela Woollacott, 20–40. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993.

■ Timerman, Jacobo. Prisoner without a Name, Cell without a Number. Translated by Toby Tolbot. New York: Knopf, 1981. Translation of Preso sin nombre, celda sin número (New York: Random Editores, 1981).

■ Uriarte, Claudio. Almirante Cero: Biografía no autorizada de Emilio Eduardo Massera. Espejo de la Argentina. Buenos Aires: Planeta, 1992.

■ Verbitsky, Horacio. The Flight: Confessions of an Argentine Dirty Warrior [Confessions of Francisco Scilingo]. Translated by Esther Allen. New York: New Press, 1996. Translation of El vuelo (Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1995).

■ ———. Open Letter to the Argentine Military Junta March 24, 1977. Washington, D.C.: Argentine Commission for Human Rights Washington Information Bureau, 1977. Translation of “Carta abierta de Rodolfo Walsh a la Junta Militar.”

■ ———. Rodolfo Walsh y la prensa clandestina. Buenos Aires: Ediciones de la Urraca, 1985.

■ ———. El silencio: De Paulo VI a Bergoglio: Las Relaciones secretas de la iglesia con la ESMA. 2d ed. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 2005.

■ ———. La última batalla de la Tercera Guerra Mundial. Buenos Aires: Legasa, 1984.

■ Videla, Jorge Rafael, Emilio Eduardo Massera, and Orlando Ramón Agosti. “Proceso de Reorganización Nacional.” In El proceso de reorganización nacional: Cronología y documentación, compiled by Oscar Troncoso. Vol. 1: 107–14. Buenos Aires: Centro Editor de América Latina, 1984.

■ Vila, Pablo. “Rock Nacional and Dictatorship in Argentina.” In Rockin’ the Boat: Mass Music and Mass Movements, edited by Reebee Garofalo, 209–29. Boston: South End Press, 1992.

■ ———. “Tango, folklore y rock: Apuntes sobre música, política y sociedad en Argentina.” Caravelle, no. 48 (1987): 81–93.

■ Walsh, Rodolfo. Yo también fui fusilado. Buenos Aires: Gente Sur, 1990.

■ Zamorano, Carlos M. Prisionero político: Testimonio sobre las cárceles políticas argentinas. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Estudio, 1983.

Literature

■ Alcoba, Laura. The Rabbit House: An Argentinian Childhood. Translated by Polly McLean. London: Portobello Books, 2008. Translation of Manèges: Petite histoire argentine (Paris: Gallimard, 2007).

■ Asís, Jorge. La calle de los caballos muertos. Buenos Aires: Legasa Literaria, 1982.

■ ———. Flores robadas en los jardines de Quilmes. Buenos Aires: Losada, 1982.

■ Battista, Vicente. El libro de todos los engaños. Buenos Aires: Bruguera, 1984.

■ Caparrós, Martín. No velas a tus muertos. Buenos Aires: Ediciones de la Flor, 1986.

■ Castex, Mariano. El otro. Buenos Aires: Ediciones de Rocío, 1983.

■ Catania, Carlos. El pintadedos. Buenos Aires: Legasa Literaria, 1984.

■ Cedrón, Aníbal. La memoria extraviada. Buenos Aires: Editorial Cartago, 1985.

■ Chavarría, Daniel. Tango for a Torturer. Translated by Peter Bush. London: Serpent’s Tail, 2006. Translation of El rojo en la pluma del loro (Havana: Casa de las Américas, 2001).

■ Cortázar, Julio. “Second Time.” Index on Censorship 8, no. 2 (1979): 32–35.

■ ———. We Love Glenda So Much, and Other Tales. Translated by Gregory Rabassa. New York: Knopf, 1983. Translation of Queremos tanto a Glenda y otros relatos (Mexico City: Editorial Nueva Imagen, 1980).

■ Costantini, Humberto. The Gods, the Little Guys, and the Police. Translated by Toby Talbot. New York: Harper & Row, 1984. Translation of De dioses, hombrecitos, y policías (Mexico City: Editorial Nueva Imagen, 1979).

■ ———. The Long Night of Francisco Sanctis. Translated by Norman Thomas di Giovanni. New York: Harper & Row, 1985. Translation of La larga noche de Francisco Sanctis (Buenos Aires: Bruguera, 1984).

■ Dal Masetto, Antonio. Fuego a discreción. Buenos Aires: Folios Ediciones, 1983.

■ Denevi, Marco. Manual de historia. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Corregidor, 1985.

■ Domínguez, Carlos María. Pozo de Vargas. Buenos Aires: Emecé Editores, 1985.

■ Englander, Nathan. The Ministry of Special Cases. New York: Knopf, 2007.

■ Fernández Tiscornia, Nelly. Made in Lanús = Made in Buenos Aires. Spanish and English. Translated into English by Raúl Moncada. Buenos Aires: Legasa, 1990.

■ Firpo, Norberto. Cuerpo a tierra. Buenos Aires: Editorial Galerna, 1984.

■ ———. Grandísimo idiota. Buenos Aires: Editorial Galerna, 1984.

■ Foguet, Hugo. Pretérito perfecto. Buenos Aires: Legasa Literaria, 1983.

■ Fogwill, Rodolfo Enrique. Malvinas Requiem: Visions of an Underground War. London: Serpent’s Tail, 2007.

■ Gambaro, Griselda. El campo. Dos actos. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Insurrexit, 1968.

■ ———. Los siameses. Dos actos. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Insurrexit, 1967.

■ ———. Teatro 1: Real envido; La malasangre; Del sol naciente. Buenos Aires: Ediciones de la Flor, 1984.

■ Gelman, Juan. Unthinkable Tenderness: Selected Poems. Translated by Joan Lindgren. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.

■ Gelman, Juan, and Osvaldo Bayer. Exilio. Buenos Aires: Legasa, 1984.

■ Giardinelli, Mempo. Qué solos se quedan los muertos. Buenos Aires: Editorial Latinoamericana, 1985.

■ ———. La revolución en bicicleta. Barcelona: Editorial Pomaire, 1980.

■ ———. Santo oficio de la memoria. Barcelona: Grupo Editorial Norma, 1991.

■ ———. Sultry Moon. Translated by Patricia J. Duncan. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Latin American Literary Review Press, 1988. Translation of Luna caliente (Buenos Aires: Bruguera, 1984).

■ Giella, Miguel Ángel, et al. 7 dramaturgos argentinos: Antología del teatro hispanoamericano del siglo XX: Siete piezas en un acto en el ciclo de Teatro Abierto 1981. Colección Telón Antolgías series. Ottawa: Girol Books, 1983.

■ Goloboff, Gerardo Mario. Criador de palomas. Buenos Aires: Bruguera, 1984.

■ Gorostiza, Carlos. Los cuartos oscuros. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1976.

■ Heker, Liliana. El fin de la historia. Buenos Aires: Alfaguara, 1996.

■ Kociancich, Vlady. La octava maravilla. Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1982.

■ Kozameh, Alicia. Steps under Water: A Novel. Translated by David E. Davis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. Translation of Pasos bajo el agua (Buenos Aires: Editorial Contrapunto, 1987).

■ Landaburu, Jorge. Se lo tragó la tierra. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana/ Planeta, 1984.

■ Larra, Raúl. La conspiración del gran Bonete. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Dirple, 1984.

■ Levinson, Luisa Mercedes. El último Zelofonte. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana/ Planteta, 1984.

■ López, Fernando. Arde aún sobre los años. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1986.

■ ———. El mejor enemigo. Cordoba, Argentina: El Cid Editor, 1984.

■ Lynch, Marta. Informe bajo llave. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1983.

■ ———. La penúltima versión de la Colorada Villanueva. 4th ed. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1979.

■ Manzur, Jorge. Tinta roja. Barcelona: Legasa Literaria, 1981.

■ Martínez, Tomás Eloy. The Perón Novel. Translated by Asa Zatz. New York: Pantheon, 1988. Translation of La novela de Perón (Buenos Aires: Legasa, 1985).

■ ———. Santa Evita. Buenos Aires: Planeta, 1995.

■ Martini, Juan Carlos. El cerco. Barcelona: Bruguera, 1977.

■ ———. La vida entera. Barcelona: Bruguera, 1981.

■ Masciángioli, Jorge. Buenaventura, nunca más. Buenos Aires: Bruguera, 1983.

■ Medina, Enrique. Los asesinos. Buenos Aires: Editores Milton, 1984.

■ ———. Buscando a Madonna. Buenos Aires: Milton Editores, 1987.

■ ———. Con el trapo en la boca. Buenos Aires: Editorial Galerna, 1983.

■ ———. Desde un mundo civilizado. Buenos Aires: Editores Milton, 1987.

■ ———. The Duke: Memories and Anti-Memories of a Participant in the Repression. Translated by David William Foster. London: Zed Books, 1985. Translation of El Duke: Memorias y anti-memorias de un participante en la represión (Buenos Aires: Editorial Eskol, 1976).

■ ———. Las muecas del miedo. Buenos Aires: Editorial Galerna, 1981.

■ ———. Transparente. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1975.

■ ———. Las tumbas (The Tombs). Translated by David William Foster. New York: Garland, 1993. Translation of Las tumbas (Buenos Aires: Ediciones de Flor, 1972).

■ Mercader, Martha. La chuña de los huevos de oro. Buenos Aires: Legasa Literaria, 1982.

■ Mercado, Tununa. In a State of Memory. Translated by Peter Kahn. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001. Translation of En estado de memoria (Buenos Aires: A. Korn Editora, 1990).

■ Moreyra, Federico. Balada de un sargento. Buenos Aires: Editorial Galerna, 1985.

■ ———. El desangradero. Buenos Aires: Legasa, 1984.

■ ———. Solamente ella. Buenos Aires: Editorial Bruguera, 1981.

■ Moyano, Daniel. The Flight of the Tiger. Translated by Norman Thomas di Giovanni. London: Serpent’s Tail, 1995. Translation of El vuelo del tigre (Buenos Aires: Legasa Literaria, 1981).

■ ———. Libro de navíos y borrascas. Buenos Aires: Legasa, 1983.

■ Orphée, Elvira. El Angel’s Last Conquest. Translated by Magda Bogin. New York: Available Press, 1985. Translation of La última conquista de El Angel (Caracas: Monte Avila, 1977).

■ ———. Las viejecitas fantasiosas. Buenos Aires: Emecé Editores, 1981.

■ Pavlovsky, Eduardo A. La mueca; El Señor Galíndez; Telarañas. Madrid: Editorial Fundamentos, 1973.

■ ———. El Sr. Laforgue. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Búsqueda, 1983.

■ Piglia, Ricardo. The Absent City. Translated and introduced by Sergio Waisman. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1992. Translation of La ciudad ausente (Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1992).

■ ———. Artificial Respiration. Translated by Daniel Balderston. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1994. Translation of Respiración artificial (Buenos Aires: Pomaire, 1980).

■ ———, compiler. La Argentina en pedazos. Buenos Aires: Ediciones de la Urraca, 1993.

■ Pizarnik, Alejandra. La condesa sangrienta. Buenos Aires: López Crespo, 1976.

■ Puig, Manuel. The Buenos Aires Affair: A Detective Novel. Translated by Suzanne Jill Levine. New York: Vintage Books, 1980. Translation of The Buenos Aires Affair: Novela policial (Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1973).

■ ———. Eternal Curse on the Reader of These Pages. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999. Translation of Maldición eterna a quien lea estas páginas (Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1980).

■ ———. Kiss of the Spider Woman. Translated by Allan Baker. Oxford, England: Amber Lane, 1987. Translation of El beso de la mujer araña (Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1976).

■ ———. Kiss of the Spider Woman. Translated by Thomas Colchie. New York: Knopf, 1979. Translation of El beso de la mujer araña (Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1976). The basis of a film of the same title.

■ ———. Pubis Angelical. Translated by Elena Brunet. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000. Translation of Publis angelical (Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1979).

■ ———. Tropical Night Falling. Translated by Suzanne Jill Levine. New York: W. W. Norton, 1993. Translation of Cae la noche tropical (Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1988).

■ Quiroga, Eduardo. On Foreign Ground: A Novel. London: André Deutsch, 1986.

■ Rabanal, Rodolfo. El apartado. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1975.

■ ———. En otra parte. Madrid: Legasa Literaria, 1981.

■ ———. El pasajero. Buenos Aires: Emecé Editores, 1984.

■ Ratto, Patricia. Pequeños hombres blancos. Buenos Aires: Adriana Hidalgo Editora, 2006.

■ Rivabella, Omar. Requiem for a Woman’s Soul. Translated by Paul Riviera and Omar Rivabella. New York: Random House, 1986. Translation of Requiem por el alma de una mujer.

■ Rivera, Andrés. Los vencedores no dudan. Buenos Aires: Grupo Editorial Latinoamericano, 1989.

■ Roffé, Reina. La rompiente. Xalapa, Mexico: Universidad Veracruzana, 1987.

■ Sábato, Ernesto. The Angel of Darkness. Translated by Andrew Hurley. New York: Ballantine Books, 1991. Translation of Abaddón, el exterminador (Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1974).

■ Saer, Juan José. The Event. Translated by Helen R. Lane. London: Serpent’s Tail, 1995. Translation of La ocasión (Barcelona: Ediciones Destino, 1988).

■ ———. Glosa. Buenos Aires: Alianza Editorial, 1986.

■ ———. Lo imborrable. Buenos Aires: Alianza, 1993.

■ ———. Nobody Nothing Never. Translated by Helen R. Lane. London: Serpent’s Tail, 1993. Translation of Nadie nada nunca (Mexico City: Siglo XXI, 1980).

■ Shua, Ana María. Patient. Translated by David William Foster. Translation of Soy paciente (Buenos Aires: Editorial Losada, 1980).

■ Slaughter, Charles H. The Dirty War. New York: Walker and Company, 1994. Young adult fiction.

■ Soriano, Osvaldo. A Funny Dirty Little War. Translated by Nick Caistor. New York: Readers International, 1986. Translation of No habrá más penas ni olvido (Barcelona: Grupo Editorial Norma, 1974). The basis of the film No habrá más penas ni olvido (Funny Dirty Little War).

■ ———. Triste, solitario y final. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Corregidor, 1973.

■ ———. Winter Quarters: A Novel of Argentina. Translated by Nick Caistor. London: Readers International, 1989. Translation of Cuarteles de invierno (Barcelona: Bruguera, 1982). The basis of the film Cuarteles de invierno (Winter Quarters).

■ Teatro abierto 1981: 21 estrenos argentinos. Buenos Aires: Sociedad General de Autores de la república argentina, 1981.

■ Thornton, Lawrence. Imagining Argentina. New York: Doubleday, 1987. The basis of a film of the same title.

■ ———. Naming the Spirits. New York: Doubleday, 1995.

■ ———. Tales from the Blue Archives. New York: Doubleday, 1997.

■ Tizón, Héctor. La casa y el viento. Buenos Aires: Legasa, 1984.

■ Torchelli, Américo Alfredo. Bosta de paloma: Novela. Buenos Aires: El Cid Editor, 1983.

■ Torre, Javier. Las noches del Maco. Buenos Aires: Legasa, 1986.

■ ———. Quemar las naves. Buenos Aires: Legasa Literaria, 1983.

■ ———. Rubita. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Corregidor, 1975.

■ Torres Molina, Susana. Y a otra cosa mariposa. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Búsqueda, 1988.

■ Traba, Marta. En cualquier lugar. Bogotá: Siglo XXI, 1984.

■ ———. Mothers and Shadows. Translated by Jo Labanyi. London: Readers International, 1985. Translation of Conversación al sur (Mexico City: Siglo XXI, 1981).

■ Valenzuela, Luisa. Bedside Manners. Translated by Margaret Jull Acosta. London: Serpent’s Tail/High Risk Books, 1995. Translation of Realidad nacional desde la cama (Buenos Aires: Grupo Editor Latinoamericano, 1990).

■ ———. Black Novel with Argentines. Translated by Toby Talbot. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992. Translation of Novela negra con argentinos (Barcelona: Plaza & Janés, 1990).

■ ———. He Who Searches. Translated by Helen R. Lane. Elmwood Park, Ill.: Dalkey Archives Press, 1996. Translation of Como en la guerra (Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1977).

■ ———. The Lizard’s Tail. Translated by Gregory Rabassa. London: Serpent’s Tail, 1987. Translation of Cola de lagartija (Buenos Aires: Bruguera, 1983).

■ ———. Other Weapons. Translated by Deborah Bonner. Hanover, N.H.: Ediciones del Norte, 1988. Translation of Cambio de armas (Hanover, N.H.: Ediciones del Norte, 1982).

■ ———. Strange Things Happen Here: Twenty-Six Short Stories and a Novel. Translated by Helen R. Lane. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979. Translation of Aquí pasan cosas raras (Buenos Aires: Ediciones de la Flor, 1975).

■ ———. Symmetries: Stories. Translated by Margaret Jull Costa. London: Serpent’s Tail, 1998. Translation of Simetrías (Buenos Aires: Sud-americana, 1993).

■ Vázquez, María Carmela. Luna sangrienta = Quilla Yaár. N.p.: Editorial Diaguita, 1984.

■ Vázquez Rial, Horacio. Triste’s History. Translated by Jo Labanyi. London: Readers International, 1990. Translation of Historia del Triste (Barcelona: Destino, 1987).

■ Viñas, David. Cuerpo a cuerpo. Mexico City: Siglo XXI, 1979.

■ Whalen, Gloria. The Disappeared. New York: Dial Press, 2008. Young-adult fiction.

■ Zamora, Francisco. Bisiesto viene de golpe. Buenos Aires: Bruguera, 1983.

Films and Documentaries

■ Amiga, La (The Girlfriend). Directed by Jeanine Meerapfel. 115 minutes. Jorge Estrada Mora, 1987.

■ Amor es un mujer gorda, El (Love is a Fat Woman). Directed by Alejandro Agresti. 75 minutes. 1987.

■ Beso del olvido, El. Directed by Claudio Campo. 80 minutes. Tea Imagen, 1997.

■ Boda secreta (Secret Wedding). Directed by Alejandro Agresti. 95 minutes. 1989.

■ Botín de guerra (Spoils of War). Directed by David Blaustein. 116 minutes. INCAA, 1999.

■ Buenos Aires Viceversa. Directed by Alejandro Agresti. 100 minutes. Agresti Harding Films, 1996.

■ Camila. Directed by María Luisa Bemberg. 105 minutes. GEA Cinematográfica, 1984.

■ Cautiva. Written, directed, and produced by Gastón Biraben. 109 minutes. 2003, 2007.

■ Cazadores de utopías (Hunters of Utopias). Directed by David Blaustein. 150 minutes. Instituto Nacional de Cinematografía, 1995.

■ Chicos de la guerra, Los. Directed by Bebe Kamin. 1987. Based on the book Los chicos de la guerra: hablan los soldados que estuvieron en Malvinas (The Boys of the War) by Daniel Kon.

■ Contar hasta diez (Count until 10). Written and directed by Oscar Barney Finn. 101 minutes. Oscar Barney Finn Producciones, 1984.

■ Crónica de una fuga (Chronicle of an Escape). 104 minutes. IFC Films, 2006, 2008.

■ Cuarteles de invierno (Winter Barracks). Directed by Lautaro Murúa. 116 minutes. Produced by Guillermo Smith. 1984. Based on the novel by Osvaldo Soriano.

■ De eso no se habla (We Don’t Talk about That). Directed by María Luisa Bemberg. 102 minutes. Mojame S.A., Oscar Kramer S.A., Aura Films S.R.L., 1993.

■ Despertar del L., El. Directed by Poli Nardi. 86 minutes. Aleph Media, 2001.

■ Días de junio, Los (The Days of June). Directed by Alberto Fischerman. 95 minutes. Producciones Fischerman-Santos, 1985.

■ The Disappeared (Desaparecido). Directed and produced by Peter Sanders. 97 minutes. 2007.

■ Dueños del silencio, Los. Directed by Carlos Lemos. 90 minutes. Instituto Nacional de Cinematográfica de Suecia, Crescendo Film-Suecia, and G.C. Producciones-Argentina, 1987.

■ En retirada (Bloody Retreat). Directed by Juan Carlos DeSanzo.

■ Figli/Hijos (Sons and Daughters). Directed by Marco Bechis. 100 minutes. Cecchi Gori Group Tiger Cinematográfica, 2001.

■ Garage Olimpo (Garage Olimpo). Directed by Marco Bechis. 98 minutes. Classic-Nisarga-Paradis Film, 1999.

■ Hermanas. Directed by Julia Solomonoff. 90 minutes. Cruzdelsur Zona Audiovisual S.R.L., 2005, 2007.

■ Historia oficial, La (The Official Story). Directed by Luis Puenzo. 112 minutes. Almi Pictures, 1985.

■ Hombre mirando al sudeste (Man Facing Southeast). Directed by Eliseo Subiela. 105 minutes. Cinequanon, 1986.

■ Imagining Argentina. Directed by Christopher Hampton. 103 minutes. Universal Pictures, 2003. Based on the novel by Lawrence Thornton.

■ In the Name of the State. Directed by Jon Blair. 48 minutes. 3BM Television for the Discovery Channel, 2003.

■ Jacobo Timerman: Prisoner without a Name, Cell without a Number. Produced and directed by Linda Yellen. 97 minutes. 1983.

■ Kamchatka. Directed by Marcelo Piñyero. 105 minutes. Patagonik Film Group, 2002, 2008.

■ Kiss of the Spider Woman. Directed by Hector Babenco. 119 minutes. H. B. Filmes, 1986. Based on the novel by Manuel Puig.

■ Lo que vendrá (Times to Come). Directed by Gustavo Mosquera. 98 minutes. Tripiquicios Sociedad de Capitol e Industria, 1988.

■ Madres de la Plaza de Mayo, Las (The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo). Produced and directed by Susana Muñoz and Lourdes Portillo. 64 minutes. 1985.

■ Malajunta (Bad Company). Directed by Eduardo Aliverti, Pablo Milstein, and Javier Rubel. 57 minutes. CREARS Producciones, 1996.

■ Milagros no hay: Los desaparecidos de Mercedes Benz (There Are No Miracles: The Disappeared from Mercedes Benz). Directed by Gabriela Weber. 113 minutes. Produced by Gaby Weber, 2003.

■ Miss Mary. Directed by María Luisa Bemberg. 100 minutes. GEA Cinematográfica and New World Pictures, 1986.

■ Moebius. Directed by Gustavo Mosquera R. 88 minutes. Universidad del Cine, 1996.

■ Montoneros: Una historia. Directed by Andrés di Tella. 90 minutes. 1995.

■ Muro del silencio, Un. Directed by Lita Stantic. 107 minutes. Aleph Producciones, 1993.

■ Niños desaparecidos (Missing Children). Directed by Estela Bravo. 28 minutes. América Latina, 1985.

■ No habrá más penas ni olvido (Funny Dirty Little War). Directed by Hector Olivera. 80 minutes. Connoisseur Video Collection, Aires Cinematográfica Argentina, 1983. Based on the novel by Osvaldo Soriano.

■ Noche de los lápices, La (The Night of the Pencils). Directed by Hector Olivera. 101 minutes. Aries Cinematográfica, 1986. Based on the book by María Seoane and Hector Ruíz Núñez.

■ Our Disappeared (Nuestros desaparecidos). Directed by Juan Mandelbaum. 99 minutes. Geovision, 2008.

■ Pasos perdidos, Los (The Lost Steps). Directed by Manane Rodríguez. 104 minutes. Anola Films, 2001, 2007.

■ Por esos ojos (For These Eyes). Directed by Gonzalo Arijón and Virginia Martínez. 52 minutes. France 2 Cinéma, 1997.

■ Prohibido. Directed by Andres di Tella. 105 minutes. Patagonik Film Group, 1997.

■ Quien soy yo? Los niños encontrados de Argentina (Who Am I? The Found Children of Argentina). Directed by Estela Bravo. 75 minutes. 2007.

■ Redada, La (The Raid). Directed by Rolando Pardo. 97 minutes. Pablo Rovito, 1991.

■ Rubios, Los (The Blonds). Directed by Alberta Carri. 84 minutes. Produced by Barry Ellsworth, 2003.

■ The Search for the Disappeared. 58 minutes. Nova Series. WGBH-TV, 1987.

■ Sol de noche: La historia de Olga y Luis. Directed by Pablo Milstein and Norberto Ludin. 79 minutes. 2002.

■ Tango Bar. Directed by Marcos Zurinaga. 90 minutes. Beco Films/Zaga Films, 1989.

■ Tangos: El exilio de Gardel (Tangos: The Exile of Gardel). Directed by Fernando Solanas. 125 minutes. Terciné, Cinesur, 1985.

■ Tiempo de revancha (Time for Revenge). Directed by Adolfo Aristarain. 112 minutes. Aries Cinematográfica, 1983.

■ Voz de los pañuelos, La (The Voice of the Shawls). Directed by Carmen Guarini and Marcelo Cespedes. 45 minutes. Asociación Madres de Plaza de Mayo, Cine Ojo, 1992.

The Aftermath of the “Dirty War”

■ Acuсa, Carlos H., and Catalina Smulovitz. “Ni olvido ni perdón: Derechos humanos y tensiones civico-militares en la transición argentina.” Documento CEDES, no. 69. Buenos Aires: CEDES, 1991.

■ Alfonsín, Raúl. “The Transition toward Democracy in a Developing Country: The Case of Argentina.” In After Authoritarianism: Democracy or Disorder?, edited by Daniel N. Nelson, 17–30. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1995.

■ Amnesty International. Argentina: The Military Juntas and Human Rights: Report of the Trial of the Former Junta Members, 1985. London: Amnesty International, 1987.

■ Argentina. Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas. Anexos del informe de la Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas. Buenos Aires: EUDEBA, 1994.

■ ———. Nunca Más [Never Again]: The Report of the Argentine National Commission on the Disappeared. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1986. Translation of Nunca más: Informe de la Comisión Nacional Sobre la Desaparición de Personas (Buenos Aires: EUDEBA, 1984).

■ Argentina: Juicio a los militares: Documentos secretos, decretos-leyes, jurisprudencia. Cuadernos de la Asociación Americana de Juristas, no. 4. Buenos Aires: Rama Argentina de la Asociación de Juristas, 1988.

■ Asociación de Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo. Culpables para la sociedad, impunes por la ley. Buenos Aires: M. T. Piñero, 1988.

■ Avellaneda, Andrés. Censura, autoritarismo y cultura: Argentina, 1960-1983. Buenos Aires: Centro Editor América Latina, 1986.

■ Baloyra, Enrique. “Argentina: Transición o disolución.” In Para vivir la democracia: Dilemas de su consolidación, compiled by Carlos Huneeus, 87–136. Santiago: Academia Humanismo Cristiano, 1987.

■ Bermúdez, Norberto, and Juan Gasparini. El testigo secreto. Buenos Aires: Javier Vergara, 1999.

■ Brodsky, Marcelo. Memoria en construcción: El debate sobre la ESMA. Buenos Aires: La Marca, 2005.

■ Brysk, Alison. Politics of Human Rights in Argentina: Protest, Change, and Democratization. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1994.

■ ———. “The Politics of Measurement: The Contested Count of the Disappeared in Argentina.” Human Rights Quarterly 16, no. 4 (1994): 676–92.

■ Burns, Jimmy. The Land That Lost Its Heroes: The Falklands, the Post-War and Alfonsín. London: Bloomsbury, 1987.

■ Carlson, Eric Stener. I Remember Julia: Voices of the Disappeared. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996.

■ Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales. Terrorismo de estado: 692 responsables: programa de documentación, estudios y publicaciones. Buenos Aires: Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales, 1986.

■ Chesney Lawrence, Luis. “El teatro abierto argentino: Un caso de teatro popular de resistencia cultural.” Drama Teatro Revista Digital. http://dramateatro.fundacite.arg.gov.ve/ensayos/n_0002/teatro_abierto_argentino.html.

■ Ciancaglini, Sergio. Nada más que la verdad: El juicio a las juntas. Buenos Aires: Planeta, 1995.

■ Colás, Santiago. Postmodernity in Latin America: The Argentine Paradigm. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1994.

■ Corbatta, Jorgelina. Narrativas de la guerra sucia en Argentina: Piglia, Saer, Valenzuela, Puig. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Corregidor, 1999.

■ Cosentino, Olga. “El teatro de los ’70: Una dramaturgia sitiada.” Latin American Theatre Review 24, no. 2 (1991): 31–39.

■ Democracia vigilada/fotógrafos argentinos. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1988.

■ Diana, Marta. Mujeres guerrilleras: La militancia de los setenta en el testimonio de sus protagonistas femeninas. Buenos Aires: Planeta, 1996.

■ España, Claudio, comp. Cine argentino en democracia, 1983-1993. Buenos Aires: Fondo Nacional de las Artes, 1994.

■ Evangelista, Liria. Voices of the Survivors: Testimony, Mourning, and Memory in Post-Dictatorship Argentina (1983-1995). Translated by Renzo Llorente. Latin American Studies, vol. 13. New York: Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, 1998.

■ Feitlowitz, Marguerite. A Lexicon of Terror: Argentina and the Legacies of Torture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

■ Feld, Claudia. Del estrado a la pantalla: Las imágines del juicio a los ex comandantes en Argentina. Memorias de la Represión series, vol. 2. Madrid: Siglo XXI de España: Social Science Research Council, 2002.

■ Fernández Meijide, Graciela. Las cifras de la guerra sucia. Buenos Aires: Asamblea Permanente por los Derechos Humanos, 1988.

■ Foro de Estudios sobre la Administración de Justicia. Definativamente—Nunca más: La otra care del informe de la CONADEP. Buenos Aires: Foro de Estudios sobre la Administración de Justicia, 1985.

■ Foster, David William, ed. The Redemocratization of Argentine Culture, 1983 and Beyond: An International Research Symposium at Arizona State University, February 16-17, 1987: Proceedings. Translated by Juliette Spence. Tempe: Center for Latin American Studies, Arizona State University, 1989. “From Military Rule in Argentina and Brazil.” In Authoritarian Regimes in Transition, edited by Hans Binnendijk with Peggy Nalle and Diane Bendahmane, 223–74. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Service Institute, U.S. Department of State, 1997.

■ Goldberg, Florinda F. “‘Judíos del Sur’: El modelo judío en la narrativa de la catástrofe argentina.” Estudios Interdisciplinarios de America Latina y el Caribe 12, no. 2 (2001). http://www.tau.ac.il/eial/XII_2/goldberg.html.

■ Graham-Jones, Jean. Exorcising History: Argentine Theater under Dictatorship. London: Associated Presses, 2000.

■ Herrera, Matilde, and Ernesto Tenembaum. Identidad, despojo y restitución. Buenos Aires: Editorial Contrapunto, 1989.

■ Jaroslavsky, Andrés. The Future of Memory: Children of the Dictatorship in Argentina Speak. London: Latin American Bureau, 2004.

■ Joyce, Christopher, and Eric Stover. Witnesses from the Grave: The Stories Bones Tell. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1991.

■ Labrune, Noemi. Buscados: Represores del Alto Valle y Neuquén. Buenos Aires: Asamblea Permanente por los Derechos Humanos, Delegación Neuquén: Centro Editor de América Latina, 1988.

■ López, Ernesto. Ni la ceniza ni la gloria: Actores, sistema político y cuestión militar en los años de Alfonsín. Buenos Aires: Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, 1994.

■ López Laval, Hilda. Autoritarismo y cultura: Argentina, 1976-1983. Madrid: Fundamentos, 1995.

■ Lorenz, Federico G. Combates por la memoria: Huellas de la dictadura en la historia. Buenos Aires: Capital Intelectual, 2007.

■ McSherry, J. Patrice. Incomplete Transition: Military Power and Democracy in Argentina. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.

■ Malamud Goti, Jaime E. Game without End: State Terror and the Politics of Justice. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996.

■ Nino, Carlos Santiago. Radical Evil on Trial. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1996.

■ Norden, Deborah L. Military Rebellion in Argentina: Between Coups and Consolidation. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1996.

■ Osiel, Mark. Mass Atrocity, Ordinary Evil, and Hannah Arendt: Criminal Consciousness in Argentina’s Dirty War. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2001.

■ Peralta-Ramos, Mónica, and Carlos H. Waisman. From Military Rule to Liberal Democracy in Argentina. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1987.

■ Pion-Berlin, David. Through Corridors of Power: Institutions and Civil-Military Relations in Argentina. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997.

■ Poneman, Daniel. Argentina: Democracy on Trial. New York: Paragon House, 1987.

■ Puga, Ana Elena. Memory, Allegory, and Testimony in South American Theater: Upstaging Dictatorship. Routledge Advances in Theatre and Performance Studies. New York: Routledge, 2008.

■ Reati, Fernando O. “Argentine Political Violence and Artistic Representation in Films of the 1980s.” Latin American Literary Review 34 (1989): 24–39.

■ ———. “Fronteras y ghettos del ‘futuro’ en la política ficción argentina.” Hispamérica 79 (1998): 3–17.

■ ———. “Literatura argentina de la ‘guerra sucia’: El paradigma de espacio invadido.” Texto Crítico 39 (1988): 26–37.

■ ———. Nombrar lo innombrable: Violencia política y novela argentina, 1975– 1985. Buenos Aires: Legasa, 1992.

■ Running, Thorpe. “Responses to the Politics of Repression by Poets in Argentina and Chile.” Hispania 73, no. 1 (1990): 40–49.

■ Sancinetti, Marcelo A. Derechos humanos en la Argentina postdictatorial: Juicio a los ex comandantes, Punto Final, obediencia debida, apéndice documental. Buenos Aires: Lerner Editores Asociados, 1988.

■ Sosnowski, Saúl, compiler. Represión y reconstrucción de una cultura: El caso argentino. Buenos Aires: Eudebe, 1988.

■ Taylor, Diana. Disappearing Acts: Spectacles of Gender and Nationalism in Argentina’s “Dirty War.” Durham: Duke University Press, 1997.

■ Valenzuela, Luisa. “A Legacy of Poets and Cannibals: Literature Revives in Argentina.” In Lives on the Line: The Testimony of Contemporary Latin American Authors, edited and with an introduction by Doris Meyer, 292–7. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

■ Veiga, Raúl. Las organizaciones de derechos humanos. Buenos Aires: Centro Editor de América Latina, 1985.

■ Veinte años: 361 imágines contra los crímenes de ayer y de hoy (art exhibition). Buenos Aires: s.n., 1996.

■ Verbitsky, Horacio. Civiles y militares: Memoria secreta de la transición. 2d ed. Colección Memoria y presente. Buenos Aires: Editorial Contrapunto, 1997.

■ ———. La posguerra sucia: Un análisis de la transición. Buenos Aires: Legasa, 1985.

■ Vidal, Hernбn, ed. Fascismo y experiencia literaria: Reflexiones para una recanonización. Minneapolis, Minn.: Institute for the Study of Ideologies and Literature, 1985.

■ Wright, Thomas C. State Terrorism in Latin America: Chile, Argentina, and International Rights. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.

BOLIVIA

Background to the “Dirty War”

■ Blum, William. “Bolivia 1964–1975: Tracking Down Che Guevara in the Land of Coup d’État.” Chap. 36 in Killing Hope: U.S. Military and C.I.A. Interventions Since World War II, 221–229. Updated ed. Monroe, Me.: Common Courage Press, 2004.

■ Dunkerley, James. Bolivia Coup D’Etat. London: Amnesty International Latin America Bureau: 1980.

■ ———. Rebellion in the Veins: Political Struggle in Bolivia, 1952-1982. London: Verso, 1984.

■ Hudson, Rex A., and Dennis M. Hanratty, eds. Bolivia: A Country Study. 3rd ed. Area Handbook series. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1991.

■ Klein, Herbert S. A Concise History of Bolivia. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

■ Lehman, Kenneth D. Bolivia and the United States: A Limited Partnership. The United States and the Americas. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1999.

The “Dirty War,” 1971-1982

Nonfiction and Testimonios

■ Asamblea Permanente de Derechos Humanos de Bolivia. Lucho Espinal: Testigo de nuestra América. Madrid: Instituto de Estudios Políticos para América Latina y Africa, 1982.

■ Baptista Gumucio, Mariano. Cultural Policy in Bolivia. Paris: UNESCO, 1979.

■ Barrios de Chungara, Domitila. Let Me Speak: Testimony of Domitila, a Woman of the Bolivian Mines. Edited by Moema Viezzar, translated by Victoria Ortiz. London: Stage 1, 1979. Translation of Si me permiten hablar. . . : Testimonio de Domitila, una mujer de las minas de Bolivia (México City: Siglo XXI, 1977).

■ Gumucio Dagrón, Alfonso. La máscara del gorila. México: Editorial Oasis, 1982.

■ Guttentag, Werner. “Emigré in Bolivia: The Story of ‘Los amigos del libro.’” Logos: Journal of the World Book Community 2, no. 1 (1991): 18–20.

■ Hylton, Forrest, and Sinclair Thomson. “Dictatorship, Democracy, and the National State, 1964–84.” Chap. 7 in Revolutionary Horizons: Past and Present in Bolivian Politics, 83–91. London: Verso, 2007.

■ Klaiber, Jeffrey L. “Bolivia (1952–1989): Strikes, Coups, and Elections.” Chap. 7 in The Church, Dictatorships, and Democracy in Latin America, 121–40. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1998.

■ Levine, Michael. The Big White Lie: The CIA and the Cocaine/Crack Epidemic: An Undercover Odyssey. New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1993.

■ Los cien primeros días de una larga noche: La violación de los derechos humanos en Bolivia. Quito: Padi, 1981.

■ Mujica, Luis. Tierra de dolor y esperanza: Testimonios, Bolivia, 1976-81. Lima: Centro de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1981.

■ Sánchez Salazar, Gustavo A., and Elisabeth Reimann. Barbie: Criminal hasta el fin. Buenos Aires: Legasa, 1987.

■ Selser, Gregorio. Bolivia: El cuartelazo de los cocadólares. Mexico City: Mex-Sur Editorial, 1982.

■ Sivak, Martín. El dictador elegido: Biografía no autorizada de Hugo Banzer Suárez. La Paz: Plural, 2001.

Literature

■ Boero Rojo, Hugo. La telaraña. La Paz: Los Amigos del Libro, 1973.

■ Cabrera Maraz, Hernán. Desaparecidos. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia: Sello La Mancha/Fondo Editorial de la Hoguera, 2006.

■ Cáceres Romero, Adolfo, et al. El Quijote y los perros: Antología del terror político. Prologue by Alfredo Medrano. Cochabamba, Bolivia: Editorial Universal, 1979.

■ Céspedes, Augusto. Metal del diablo. La Habana: Casa de las Américas, 1975.

■ De la Vega, Julio. Matías, el apostol suplente. La Paz: Los Amigos del Libro, 1971.

■ Prada Oropeza, Renato. The Breach. Translated by Walter Redmond. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1971. Translation of Los fundadores del alba (La Habana: Casa de las Américas, 1969).

■ Rocha Monroy, Enrique. Medio siglo de Milagros. La Paz: Los Amigos del Libro, 1979.

■ Santos, Rosario, ed. The Fat Man from La Paz: Contemporary Fiction from Bolivia. New York: Seven Stories Press, 2000.

■ Vargas, Manuel. Nocturno Paceño. La Paz: Correveidile, 2006.

■ Von Vacano, Arturo. Biting Silence. New York: Avon Books, 1987. Translation of Morder el Silencio (La Paz: Ediciones del Instituto Boliviano de Cultura, 1980).

Films and Documentaries

■ El Coraje del Pueblo. Directed by Jorge Sanjinés. 90 minutes. RAI Radiotelevisione Italiana, 2005, 1971.

The Aftermath of the “Dirty War”

■ Aguiló, Federico. “Nunca más” para Bolivia. Cochabamba, Bolivia: Asamblea Permanente de Derechos Humanos de Bolivia, 1993.

■ Americas Watch. Almost Nine Years and Still No Verdict in the “Trial of Responsibilities.” New York: Americas Watch, 1992.

■ ———. The Trial of Responsibilities: The García Meza Tejada Trial. New York: Americas Watch, 1993. Asociación de Familiares de Detenidos, Desaparecidos y Mártires por la Liberación Nacional. Para que no se olvide: La dictadura de Luis García Meza. La Paz: ASOFAMD, 1997.

BRAZIL

Background to the “Dirty War”

■ Blum, William. “Brazil 1961–1964: Introducing the Marvelous New World of Death Squads.” Chap. 27 in Killing Hope: U.S. Military and C.I.A. Interventions since World War II, 163–172. Updated ed. Monroe, Me.: Common Courage Press, 2004.

■ Fausto, Boris. A Concise History of Brazil. Translated by Arthur Brakel. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

■ Levine, Robert M. The History of Brazil. The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1999.

■ Skidmore, Thomas E. “The Historiography of Brazil, 1889–1964: Part I” in The Hispanic American Historical Review 55, no. 4 (November 1975): 716–48.

■ Smallman, Shawn C. “The Professionalization of Military Terror in Brazil, 1945–1964.” Luso-Brazilian Review 37, no. 1 (Summer 2000): 117–128.

■ Stepan, Alfred. “The New Professionalism of Internal Warfare and Military Role Expansion.” In Authoritarian Brazil: Origins, Policies, and Future, edited by Alfred Stepan, 47–65. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973.

The “Dirty War,” 1964-1985 Nonfiction and Testimonios

■ Alves, Maria Helena Moreira. State and Opposition in Military Brazil. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985.

■ Amnesty International. Report on Allegations of Torture in Brazil. London: Amnesty International, 1974.

■ Costa, Caio Túlio. Cale-se: A saga de Vannucchi Leme, a USP como aldeia gualesa, o show proibido de Gilberto Gil. São Paulo: A Girafa, 2003.

■ Da-Rin, Silvio. Hércules 56: O seqüestro do embaixador americano em 1969. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2007.

■ Dunn, Christopher. Brutality Garden: Tropicália and the Emergence of a Brazilian Counterculture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.

■ Felix, Moacyr. Ênio Silveira: Arquiteto de Liberdades. Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand Brasil, 1998.

■ Fernandes Júniot, Ottoni. O baú do guerriheiro: Memórias da luta armada no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record, 2004.

■ Ferreira, Jerusa P., ed. Ênio Silveira: Editando o editor. Series Editando o editor, vol. 3. São Paulo: Com-Arte, 2003.

■ Gabeira, Fernando. O que é isso, companheiro?: Depoimento. Coleção Edições do Pasquim, vol. 66. Rio de Janeiro: Editora CODECRI, 1979. The basis of the film Four Days in September.

■ Gaspari, Elio. As ilusões armadas: A ditadura envergonhada. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2002.

■ ———. As ilusões armadas: A ditadura escancarada. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2002.

■ ———. O sacerdote e o feiticeiro: A ditadura derrotada. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2003.

■ ———. O sacerdote e o feiticeiro: A ditadura encurralada. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2004.

■ Huggins, Martha, Mika Haritos-Fatouros, and Philip G. Zimbardo. Violence Workers: Police Torturers and Murderers Reconstruct Brazilian Atrocities. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.

■ Johnson, Peter T. “Academic Press Censorship under Military and Civilian Regimes: The Argentine and Brazilian Cases, 1964–1975.” In Luso-Brazilian Review 15, no. 1 (Summer 1978): 3–25.

■ Klaiber, Jeffrey L. “Brazil (1964–1985): The First National Security State.” Chap. 2 in The Church, Dictatorships, and Democracy in Latin America, 20–41. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1998.

■ Machado, Cristina Pinheiro. Os exilados: 5 mil brasileiros à espera da anistia. São Paulo: Editora Alfa-Omega, 1979.

■ Marighella, Carlos. Manual of the Urban Guerrilla. Translated by Gene Hanrahan. Chapel Hill, N.C.: Documentary Publications, 1985. Translation of Minimanual do guerriheiro urbano.

■ Serbin, Kenneth P. Secret Dialogues: Church-State Relations, Torture, and Social Justice in Authoritarian Brazil. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000.

■ Skidmore, Thomas E. The Politics of Military Rule in Brazil, 1964-85. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

■ Vieira, Luiz Renato. Consagrados e malditos: Os intelectuais e a Editoria Civilização Brasileira. Brasilia: Thesaurus, 1998.

Literature

■ Amado, Jorge. Pen, Sword, Camisole: A Fable to Kindle a Hope: A Novel. Translated by Helen R. Lane. Boston: D. R. Godine, 1985. Translation of Farda, fardão, camisole de dormir: Fábula para acender uma esperança: romance (Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record, 1979).

■ Angelo, Ivan. The Celebration. Translated by Thomas Colchie. New York: Avon, 1982. Translation of A festa (São Paulo: Vertente Editora, 1976).

■ ———. The Tower of Glass. Translated by Ellen Watson. New York: Avon, 1986. Translation of A casa de vidro: Cinco histórias do Brasil (São Paulo: Livraria Cultura Editora, 1979).

■ Araújo, Alcione. Nem mesmo todo o oceano. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record, 1998.

■ Callado, Antônio. Don Juan’s Bar: A Novel. Translated by Barbara Shelby. New York: Knopf, 1972. Translation of Bar Don Juan: Romance (Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 1971).

■ ———. Quarup: A Novel. Translated by Barbara Shelby. New York: Knopf, 1970. Translation of Quarup: Romance (Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 1967).

■ ———. Reflexos do baile. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1976.

■ ———. Sempreviva. Translated by Ellen Watson. New York: Vintage Books. Translation of Sempreviva (Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1981).

■ ———, et al. 64 d.c. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Tempo Brasileiro, 1967. França Júnior, Oswaldo. Um dia no Rio. Rio de Janeiro: Sabiá, 1969.

■ Ivo, Lêdo. A morte do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record, 1984.

■ ———. Snake’s Nest, or, A Tale Badly Told: A Novel. Translated by Kern Krapohl. New York: New Directions, 1981. Translation of Ninho de cobras: Uma história mal contada: Romance (Rio de Janeiro: J. Olympio, 1973).

■ Machado, Rubem Mauro. Lobos. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record, 1997.

■ Santiago, Silviano. Stella Manhattan. Translated by George Yúdice. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1994. Translation of Stella Manhattan (Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1985).

Films and Documentaries

■ Ano em que meus pais saíram de feria, O (The Year My Parents Went on Vacation). Directed by Cao Hamburger. 99 minutes. City Lights, 2008.

■ Azyllo muito louco (The Alienist). Directed by Nélson Pereira dos Santos. 1969. Based on the short story “Alienista,” by Machado de Assis.

■ Cabra-cega. Produced and directed by Toni Venturi. 108 minutes. 2004, 2006.

■ Como era gostoso o meu francês (How Tasty Was My Little Frenchman). Directed by Nelson Pereira dos Santos. Condor Filmes, 1971, 1995.

■ Comrade: The Life and Times of Luiz Carlos Prestes. Directed by Toni Venturi. 105 minutes. 1997.

■ Four Days in September. Directed by Bruno Barreto. Miramax, 1997. Based on the book O que é isso, companheiro? by Fernando Gabeira.

■ Hércules 56. Directed by Silvio Da-Rin. 94 minutes. Produced by Suzana Amado, 2008.

■ Macunaíma. Directed by Joaquim Pedro de Andrade. 105 minutes. 1969, 2006.

■ Prá frente Brasil. Directed by Roberto Farias. 120 minutes. 1982, 2000.

■ Que bom te ver viva. Directed by Lúcia Murat. 100 minutes. Fundação do Cinema Brasileiro, 1989.

■ The Aftermath of the “Dirty War” Baden, Nancy T. The Muffled Cries: The Writer and Literature in Authoritarian Brazil, 1964-1985. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1999.

■ Cardoso, Fernando Henrique, with Brian Winter. The Accidental President of Brazil: A Memoir. New York: PublicAffairs, 2006.

■ Catholic Church. Archdiocese of São Paulo. Torture in Brazil: A Shocking Report on the Pervasive Use of Torture by Brazilian Military Governments, 1964-1979. Translated by Jaime Wright. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998. Translation of Brasil: Nunca mais (Petrópolis: Editora Vozes, 1985).

■ Taylor, Diana. “Theatre in Brazil 1968 to the Present: A Brief Overview” in TDR: The Drama Review, 44, no. 2 (Summer 2000): 22–24.

■ Vieira, Nelson. Jewish Voices in Brazilian Literature. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1995.

■ ———. “Símbolos judíos de resistencia en la literatura brasileña moderna.” In Judaica Latinoamericana: Estudios histórico-sociales, AMILAT, 234–47. Jerusalem: Editorial Universitaria Magnes, 1988.

■ Weschler, Lawrence. A Miracle, a Universe: Settling Accounts with Torturers. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

CHILE

Background to the “Dirty War”

■ Allende Gossens, Salvador. Chile’s Road to Socialism. Edited by Joan E. Garces, translated by J. Darling. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1973.

■ ———. The Salvador Allende Reader: Chile’s Voice of Democracy. Edited by James D. Cockcroft, translated by Moisés Espinoza and Nancy Nuñez. Melbourne, Vic., Australia: Ocean Press, 2000.

■ Blum, William. “Chile 1964–1973: A Hammer and Sickle Stamped on Your Child’s Forehead.” Chap. 34 in Killing Hope: U.S. Military and C.I.A. Interventions since World War II, 206–215. Updated ed. Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 2004.

■ Boorstein, Edward. Allende’s Chile: An Inside View. New York: International, 1977.

■ Davis, Nathaniel. The Last Two Years of Salvador Allende. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1985.

■ Davis, William Columbus. “Chile: Democracy That Was.” Chap. 4 in Warnings from the Far South: Democracy versus Dictatorship in Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile, 151–216. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1995.

■ Evans, Leslie, ed. Disaster in Chile: Allende’s Strategy and Why It Failed. New York: Pathfinder, 1974.

■ Kaufman, Edy. Crisis in Allende’s Chile: New Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1988.

■ Morris, David J. We Must Make Haste—Slowly: The Process of Revolution in Chile. New York: Random House, 1973.

■ Mount, Graeme S. Chile and the Nazis: From Hitler to Pinochet. Montreal: Black Rose Books, 2002.

■ Pilar Aguilera, Ricardo Fredes, and Ariel Dorfman. Chile: The Other September 11. Melbourne: Ocean Press, 2003. Published in Spanish as Chile: El otro 11 de septiembre (Melbourne: Ocean Press, 2003).

■ Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto. The Crucial Day, September 11, 1973. Translated by María Teresa Escobar. Santiago: Editorial Renacimiento, 1982. Translation of El día decisivo, 11 de septiembre de 1973 (Santiago: Editorial Andrés Bello, 1979).

■ Power, Margaret. Right-Wing Women in Chile: Feminine Power and the Struggle against Allende. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002.

■ Rojas, Róbinson. The Murder of Allende and the End of the Chilean Way to Socialism. New York: Harper & Row, 1976. Translated by Andrée Conrad. Translation of Estos mataron a Allende: Reportaje a la masacre de un pueblo (Barcelona: Martínez Roca, 1974).

■ Sigmund, Paul E. The Overthrow of Allende and the Politics of Chile, 1964– 1976. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977.

■ United States Congress. Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities. Covert Action in Chile. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1975.

■ Valenzuela, J. Samuel, and Arturo Valenzuela. “Chile and the Breakdown of Democracy.” In Latin American Politics and Development, 2d ed., edited by Howard J. Wiarda and Howard F. Kline, 212–48. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1985.

The “Dirty War,” 1973-1990 Nonfiction and Testimonios

■ Agger, Inger, and Søren Buus Jensen. Trauma and Healing under State Terrorism. London: Zed Books, 1996. Translation of Trauma y cura en situaciones de terrorismo de estado: Derechos humanos y salud mental in Chile bajo la dictadura militar. Santiago: CESOC, Ediciones Chile-América, 1996.

■ Agosín, Marjorie. The Alphabet in My Hands: A Writing Life. Translated by Nancy Abraham Hall. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2000.

■ ———. Tapestries of Hope, Threads of Love: The Arpillera Movement in Chile, 1974-1994. Translated by Celeste Kostopulos-Cooperman. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1998.

■ Amnesty International. Chile: An Amnesty International Report. London: Amnesty International Publications, 1974.

■ ———. Chile: An Amnesty International Report. London: Amnesty International Publications, 1983.

■ Arce, Luz. The Inferno: A Story of Terror and Survival in Chile. Translated by Stacey Alba D. Skar. Living in Latin America. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2004. Translation of El infierno (Santiago: Planeta, 1993).

■ Arriagada Herrera, Genaro. Pinochet: The Politics of Power. Translated by Nancy Morris, Vincent Ercolano, and Kristin Whitney. Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1988. Translation of La política militar de Pinochet (Chile: G. Arriagada Herrera, 1985).

■ ———. Por la razón o la fuerza: Chile bajo Pinochet. Santiago: Editorial Sudamericana, 1998.

■ Axelsson, Sun, Birgitta Leander, and Raúl Silva C. Evidence on the Terror in Chile. Translated from the Swedish by Brian McBeth. London: Merlin Press, 1974. Translation of Terrorn i Chile (Stockholm: Rabén & Sjögren, 1974).

■ Bitar, Sergio. Isla 10. 2d ed. Santiago: Pehuén, 1988.

■ Blixen, Samuel. El vientre del cóndor: Del archivo del terror al caso Berríos. Montevideo: Brecha, 1994.

■ Branch, Taylor, and Eugene M. Propper. Labyrinth [the assassination of Orlando Letelier]. New York: Viking Press, 1982.

■ Buschmann, Sergio. Así me fugué: Testimonio de un combatiente del FPMR fugado de una cárcel de Pinochet. Santiago: Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez, 1988.

■ Cabieses, Manuel. Chile: 11808 [i.e., once mil ochocientos y ocho] horas en campos de concentración. Caracas: Fondo Editorial Salvador de la Plaza, 1975.

■ Carrasco, Rolando. Chile’s Prisoners of War. Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Pub. House, 1977.

■ Cassidy, Sheila. Audacity to Believe. London: Collins, 1977.

■ Castillo, Carmen. Un día de octubre en Santiago. Mexico City: Ediciones Era, 1982. Translation of Un jour d’octubre à Santiago (Paris: Stock, 1980).

■ Castillo Yáñez, Pedro. Perito en cárceles: Relato de cadenas, encierros y antifaces. Santiago: Imprenta La Unión, 1989.

■ Cavanaugh, William T. Torture and Eucharist: Theology, Politics and the Body of Christ. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.

■ Cayuela, José, compiler. Chile: La masacre de un pueblo: Testimonios de nueve venezolanos víctimas del golpe militar chileno. Caracas: Sintesis Dosmil, 1974.

■ Centro de Estudios y Publicaciones. Chile: [con documentos inéditos]. Lima: CEP, 1974.

■ Childress, Diana. Augusto Pinochet’s Chile. Minneapolis, Minn., 2008. Youngadult book.

■ Chuchryk, Patricia. “Subversive Mothers: The Opposition to the Military Regime in Chile.” In Surviving beyond Fear: Women, Children, and Human Rights in Latin America, edited by Marjorie Agosín and Monica Bruno, 86–97. Fredonia, N.Y.: White Pine Press, 1993.

■ Comité Chileno de Solidaridid con la Resistancia Antifascista de La Habana. Presos políticos desaparecidos en Chile. Mexico City: Casa de Chile en México, 1977.

■ Constable, Pamela, and Arturo Valenzuela. A Nation of Enemies: Chile under Pinochet. New York: Norton, 1991.

■ Cooper, Marc. Pinochet and Me: A Chilean Anti-Memoir. New York: Verso, 2001.

■ Dinges, John, and Saul Landau. Assassination on Embassy Row [the assassination of Orlando Letelier]. New York: Pantheon, 1980.

■ Dorfman, Ariel. Heading South, Looking North: A Bilingual Journey. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1998. Published in Spanish as Rumbo al sur, deseando el norte: Un romance bilingüe. Translated by the author (Barcelona: Planeta, 1998).

■ Ensalaco, Mark. Chile under Pinochet: Uncovering the Truth. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2000.

■ Falcoff, Mark. Modern Chile, 1970-1989: A Critical History. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1989.

■ Free, Donald. Death in Washington: The Murder of Orlando Letelier. Westport, Conn.: Lawrence Hill, 1980.

■ Fuerzas armadas chilenas: Cómo son y cómo actuan. N.p.: Editora y Distribuidora Runamarka, [1978].

■ García Márquez, Gabriel. Clandestine in Chile: The Adventures of Miguel Littín. Translated by Asa Zatz. New York: Holt, 1987. Translation of La aventura de Miguel Littín: Clandestino en Chile (Bogota: Oveja Negra, 1986).

■ García Villegas, René. Soy testigo: Dictadura, tortura, injusticia. Santiago: Amerinda, 1990.

■ Garretón, Manuel Antonio. “The Political Evolution of the Chilean Military Regime and Problems in the Transition to Democracy.” In Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Latin America, edited by Guillermo O’Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, 95–122. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

■ González, Ruth. Generación perdida de Paz Rodríguez. Nuñoa, Chile: Editorial Mosquito Comunicaciones, 1991.

■ Guzmán J., Nancy. Un grito desde el silencio: Detención, asesinato y desaparición de Bautista van Schouwen y Patricio Munita. Santiago: Lom Ediciones, 1998.

■ ———. Romo: Confesiones de un torturador. Santiago: Planeta, 2000. Hauser, Thomas. Missing. New York: Avon, 1982. Originally published as The Execution of Charles Horman (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978). The basis of the film Missing.

■ Hickman, John. News from the End of the Earth: A Portrait of Chile. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998.

■ Huneeus, Carlos. The Pinochet Regime. Translated by Lake Sagaris. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2007. Translation of La Régimen de Pinochet (Santiago: Editorial Sudamericana, 2000).

■ International Commission of Enquiry into the Crimes of the Military Junta in Chile. Denuncia y testimonio: Tercera Sesión de la Comisión Internacional de Investigación de los Crimenes de la Junta Militar en Chile, Ciudad de México, 18-21 de febrero de 1975. Helsinki: The Commission, 1975.

■ International Commission of Jurists. Arrests and Detentions and Freedom of Information in Chile, September 1976: A Supplement to the Report of the ICJ Mission to Chile, April 1974. Geneva, Switzerland: International Commission of Jurists, 1976.

■ ———. Final Report of Mission to Chile, April 1974, to Study the Legal System and the Protection of Human Rights. Geneva, Switzerland: International Commission of Jurists, 1974.

■ ———. Supplement to Final Report of International Commission of Jurists’ Mission to Chile. Geneva, Switzerland: International Commission of Jurists, 1975.

■ Jara, Joan. An Unfinished Song: The Life of Victor Jara. New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1984. Originally published as Victor: An Unfinished Song (London: Jonathan Cape, 1983).

■ Kaplan, Temma. Taking Back the Streets: Women, Youth, and Direct Democracy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.

■ Klaiber, Jeffrey L. “Chile (1973–1990): The Vicariate of Solidarity and the National Accord.” Chap. 3 in The Church, Dictatorships, and Democracy in Latin America, 42–65. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1998.

■ Ladrón de Guevara, Matilde, and Gabriel Egaña. Pacto sublime. Santiago: Editorial La Noria, 1992.

■ Martín de Pozuelo, Eduardo, and Santiago Tarín. España acusa. Barcelona: Plaza & Janés, 1999.

■ Merino Vega, Marcia Alejandra. Mi verdad: “Más allá del horror, yo acuso. . . .” Santiago: M. Merino Vega, 1993.

■ Montealegre, Jorge. Frazadas del Estadio Nacional. Santiago: LOM, 2003.

■ Muñoz, Heraldo. The Dictator’s Shadow: Life under Augusto Pinochet. New York: Basic Books, 2008.

■ National Chile Center. The Chilean Junta: Vandals in the University. New York: National Chile Center, 1978.

■ O’Shaughnessy, Hugh. Pinochet: The Politics of Torture. New York: New York University Press, 2000.

■ Peña, Ana Verónica. Fuga al anochecer. Santiago: Editorial Los Andes, 1990.

■ Politzer, Patricia. Fear in Chile: Lives under Pinochet. New York: Pantheon, 1989.

■ ———. La ira de Pedro y los otros. Santiago: Planeta, 1988.

■ Prieto F., Luis B. Los crímenes fascistas de la Junta Militar Chilena: Informe de la Comisión Internacional Investigadora de los Crímenes de la Junta Militar en Chile. Caracas: Ediciones Centauro, 1976.

■ Quijada Cerda, Aníbal. Cerca de púas. Havana: Casa de las Américas, 1977.

■ Quinteros, Heroldo. Diario de un preso politico chileno. Madrid: Ediciones de la Torre, 1979.

■ Rojas, Carmen. Recuerdos de una mirista. Montevideo: Deltaller, 1988.

■ Scherer García, Julio. Pinochet: Vivir matando. Mexico City: Nuevo Siglo, 2000.

■ Schirmer, Jennifer G. “Chile: The Loss of Childhood.” In Surviving beyond Fear: Women, Children, and Human Rights in Latin America, edited by Marjorie Agosín and Monica Bruno, 162–7. Fredonia, N.Y.: White Pine Press, 1993.

■ Schnake, Erich. De improviso la nada: Testimonio de prisión y exilio. Santiago: Ediciones Documentas, 1988.

■ Sepúlveda Pulvirenti, Emma, ed. We, Chile: Personal Testimonies of the Chilean arpilleristas. Translated by Bridget Morgan. Falls Church, Va.: Azul Editions, 1996.

■ Simón Rivas, Francisco. Traición a Hipócrates: Médicos en el aparato represivo de la dictadura. Santiago: Ediciones ChileAmérica, 1990.

■ Spooner, Mary Helen. Soldiers in a Narrow Land: The Pinochet Regime in Chile. Berkeley: University of California, 1994.

■ Stern, Steve J. Battling for Hearts and Minds: Memory Struggles in Pinochet’s Chile, 1973-1988. Latin America Otherwise; The Memory Box of Pinochet’s Chile, bk. 2. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2006.

■ ———. Remembering Pinochet’s Chile: On the Eve of London, 1998. Latin America Otherwise; The Memory Box of Pinochet’s Chile, bk. 1. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2004.

■ Stover, Eric. The Open Secret: Torture and the Medical Profession in Chile. Washington, D.C.: Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1987.

■ Teitelboim Volosky, Sergio. Derechos humanos y soberanía popular. Santiago: Ediciones “Instituto de Ciencias Alejandro Lipschutz,” 1985.

■ Timerman, Jacobo. Chile: Death in the South. Translated by Robert Cox. New York: Knopf, 1987. Translation of Chile: El galope muerto (Madrid: Ediciones El País, 1987).

■ United States Congress. Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee to Investigate Problems Connected with Refugees and Escapees. Refugee and Humanitarian Problems in Chile. Hearing[s] Ninety-Third Congress, first session-Ninety-Fourth Congress, first session. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1973– .

■ Valdés, Hernán. Tejas verdes: Diario de un campo de concentración en Chile. Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain: Editorial Ariel, 1974.

■ Valdés, Juan Gabriel. Pinochet’s Economists: The Chicago School in Chile. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

■ Valdivia Ortiz de Zárate, Verónica. El golpe después del golpe: Leigh vs. Pinochet, 1960-1980. Santiago: LOM, 2003.

■ Valenzuela, Arturo, and Samuel J. Valenzuela, eds. Chile: Politics and Society. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1976.

■ Valenzuela, J. Samuel, and Arturo Valenzuela, eds. Military Rule in Chile: Dictatorship and Oppositions. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

■ Valle, Juan del. Campos de concentración en Chile, 1973-1976. Santiago: Mosquito Comunicaciones, 1977.

■ Verdugo, Patricia. Bucarest 187. Santiago: Editorial Sudamericana, 1999.

■ ———. Chile, Pinochet, and the Caravan of Death. Translated by Marcelo Montecino. Coral Gables, Fla.: North-South Center Press, 2001. Translation of Caso Arellano: Los zarpazos del puma (Santiago: CESOC, Ediciones ChileAmérica, 1989).

■ ———. Interferencia secreta. Santiago: Editorial Sudamericana, 1998.

■ Vidal, Hernán. El Movimiento Contra la Tortura “Sebastián Acevedo”: Derechos humanos y la producción de símbolos nacionales bajo el fascismo chileno. Minneapolis, Minn.: Institute for the Study of Ideologies and Literature, 1996.

■ Villegas, Sergio. El estadio: Once de septiembre en el país del Edén. Santiago: Emisión, 1990.

■ Vuskovic Rojo, Sergio. Dawson. Madrid: Ediciones Michay, 1984.

■ Weitzel, Ruby. Tumbas de cristal: Libro testimonio de la Vicaría de la Solidaridad del Arzobispado de Santiago. Santiago: FASIC: Interamericana, 1987.

■ Winn, Peter. Victims of the Chilean Miracle: Workers and Neoliberalism in the Pinochet Era, 1972-2002. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2004.

■ Witker Velásquez, Alejandro. Prisión en Chile. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1975.

■ Wright, Thomas, and Rody Oñate. Flight from Chile: Voices of Exile. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1998.

■ Ya te vimos, Pinochet [caricatures and political cartoons]. Selection and prologue by Rius. Mexico City: Editorial Posada, 1974.

Literature

■ Agosín, Marjorie. An Absence of Shadows: Poems. Translated by Celeste Kostopulos-Cooperman, Cola Franzen, and Mary G. Berg. Fredonia, N.Y.: White Pine Press, 1998.

■ Agosín, Marjorie, et al. What Is Secret: Stories by Chilean Women. Fredonia, N.Y.: White Pine Press, 1995.

■ Alegría, Fernando. Allende: A Novel. Translated by Frank Janney. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993. Translation of Allende: Mi vecino el presidente (Santiago: Planeta, 1989).

■ ———. The Chilean Spring. Translated by Stephen Fredman. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Latin American Literary Review Press, 1980.

■ ———, ed. Chilean Writers in Exile: Eight Short Novels. Trumansburg, N.Y.: Crossing Press, 1982.

■ Allende, Isabel. House of the Spirits. Translated by Magda Bogin. New York: Knopf, 1985. Translation of La casa de los espíritus (Barcelona: Plaza & Janés, 1982). The basis of a film of the same title.

■ ———. Of Love and Shadows. Translated by Magda Bogin. New York: Knopf, 1987. Translation of De amor y de sombra (Barcelona: Plaza & Janés, 1984). The basis of a film of the same title.

■ Benavente, David. Pedro, Juan y Diego: Tres Marías y una rosa; Ensayo “Ave Felix,” teatro chileno post-golpe. Santiago: CESOC, Ediciones Chile-América, 1989.

■ Cabral, Fermín. Tejas Verdes. Translated by Robert Shaw. Oberon Modern Plays. London: Oberon Books, 2005. Translation of Tejas verdes (Ciudad Real, Spain: Ñaque Editora, 2004).

■ Délano, Poli. “The Same Corner of the World.” Index on Censorship 15, no. 7 (1986): 17–19.

■ Donoso, José. Curfew: A Novel. Translated by Alfred MacAdam. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988. Translation of La desesperanza (Barcelona: Seix Barrarl, 1986).

■ ———. The Garden Next Door. Translated by Hardie St. Martin. New York: Grove Press, 1992. Translation of El jardín de al lado (Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1981).

■ ———. A House in the Country. Translated by David Pritchard with Suzanne Jill Levine. New York: Knopf, 1984. Translation of Casa de campo (Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1978).

■ Dorfman, Ariel. Death and the Maiden [A Play in Three Acts]. New York: Penguin Books, 1992. Translation of La muerte y la doncella (Buenos Aires: Ediciones de la Flor, 1992).

■ ———. Hard Rain. Translated by George Shivers with the author. Columbia, La.: Readers International, 1990. Translation of Moros en la costa (Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1973).

■ ———. Last Waltz in Santiago. Translated by Edith Grossman and the author. New York: Viking, 1988. Translation of Pastel de choclo (Santiago: Sinfronteras, 1986).

■ ———. Missing: Poems. Translated by Edie Grossman. London: Amnesty International British Section, 1981.

■ ———. Purgatorio [A Play]. New York: Samuel French, Inc., 2006.

■ ———. Widows. Translated by Stephen Kessler. New York: Pantheon, 1983. Translation of Viudas (Mexico City: Siglo XXI, 1981).

■ Electorat, Mauricio. La burla del tiempo. Barcelona: Seix Barral, 2004.

■ Fuguet, Alberto. Bad Vibes. Translated by Kristina Cordero. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997. Translation of Mala onda (Santiago: Aguilar Chilena de Ediciones, 1996).

■ Hazuka, Tom. In the City of the Disappeared. Bridgehampton, N.Y.: Bridgeworks, 2000.

■ Lemebel, Pedro. My Tender Matador. Translated by Katherine Silver. New York: Grove Press, 2003. Translation of Tengo miedo torero (Barcelona: Anagrama, 2001).

■ Marks, Camilo. Altiva Música de la tormenta. Santiago: Editorial Sudamericana, 2004.

■ ———. La dictadura del proletariado. Santiago: Alfaguara, 2001.

■ Marras, Sergio. Carta apócrifa de Pinochet a un siquiatra chileno. Santiago: Demens Sapiens, 1998.

■ Muñoz Morales, Nelson. Caballo bermejo: Lejos ya, les sacarán las vendas y verán nuevamente el mar. Santiago: Lom Ediciones, 2000.

■ Parra, Marco Antonio de la. The Secret Holy War of Santiago de Chile. Translated by Charles Philip Thomas. New York: Interlink Books, 1994. Translation of La secreta guerra santa de Santiago de Chile (Santiago: Planeta, 1989).

■ ———. Teatro: Lo crudo, lo cocido, lo podrido; matatangos (disparen sobre el zorzal). Santiago: Editorial Nascimento, 1983.

■ Richards, Caroline. Sweet Country. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979. The basis of the film Sweet Country (Dulce país). Sepúlveda, Luis. La sombra de lo que fuimos. Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 2009.

■ ———. The Name of the Bullfighter. Translated by Suzanne Ruta. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996. Translation of Nombre de torero (Barcelona: Tusquets Editores, 1994).

■ Skármeta, Antonio. Burning Patience. Translated by Katherine Silver. New York: Pantheon, 1987. Translation of Ardiente paciencia (Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1985). The basis of the film Il postino.

■ ———. The Composition. Translated by Elisa Amado and illustrated by Alfonso Ruano. Toronto: Groundwood Books, 2000. Translation of La composición (Caracas: Ediciones Ekaré, 2000). Juvenile fiction. This story is included in Watch Where the Wolf Is Going: Stories, translated by Donald L. Schmidt and Federico Cordovez (Columbia, La.: Readers International, 1991).

■ ———. I Dreamt the Snow Was Burning. Translated by Malcolm Coad. London: Readers International, 1985. Translation of Soñé que la nieve ardía (Barcelona: Planeta, 1975).

■ ———. Tiro libre [short stories]. Buenos Aires: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 1973.

■ These stories are included in Watch Where the Wolf Is Going: Stories, translated by Donald L. Schmidt and Federico Cordovez (Columbia, La.: Readers International, 1991).

■ Watson, James. Talking in Whispers. New York: Knopf, 1983. Young-adult fiction.

Films and Documentaries

■ Actas de Marusia. Directed by Miguel Littin. 90 minutes. Conacine, 1985.

■ Amnesia. Directed by Gonzalo Justiniano. 90 minutes. Arca, 1994.

■ Armas de la paz, Las (The Arms of Peace). Directed by Augusto Gongoa. 39 minutes. Nueva Imagen, 1989.

■ Augusto Pinochet: The Dictator in His Labyrinth. 60 minutes. Films for the Humanities & Sciences, 2006.

■ Batalla de Chile: La lucha de un pueblo sin armas, La. 1. La insurrección de la burguesía (The Battle of Chile: The Struggle of an Unarmed People. 1. The Insurrection of the Bourgeoisie). Produced and directed by Patricio Guzmán. 96 minutes. 1975.

■ Batalla de Chile: La lucha de un pueblo sin armas, La. 2. El golpe del estado (The Battle of Chile: The Struggle of an Unarmed People. 2. The Coup). Produced and directed by Patricio Guzmán. 96 minutes. 1976.

■ Batalla de Chile: La lucha de un pueblo sin armas, La. 3. La fuerza del pueblo (The Battle of Chile: The Struggle of an Unarmed People. 3. The Power of the People). Produced and directed by Patricio Guzmán. 78 minutes. 1978.

■ Cas Pinochet, Le (El caso Pinochet; The Pinochet Case). Directed by Patricio Guzmán. 110 minutes. 2001.

■ Chile: Defeat of a Dictator. Written, produced, and directed by Steve York. 34 minutes. York, Zimmerman, Inc.; WETA-TV, 2000.

■ Chile en transición (Chile in Transition). Directed by Gaston Ancelovici and Frank Diamond. 73 minutes. Films Transit, 1991.

■ Chile: їHasta cuando? Produced and directed by David Bradbury. 58 minutes. 1985.

■ Chile: No invoco tu nombre en vano (Chile, I Don’t Take Your Name in Vain). 36 minutes. Colectivo Cine-OJO, 1984.

■ Chile: Obstinate Memory. Directed by Patricio Guzmán. 58 minutes. Les Films and the National Film Board of Canada, 1997.

■ Chile: The Drama of Hope. Directed by Carmen Sarmiento. 59 minutes. Video Spot y Asociados, 1998, 2004.

■ Chile: Torture as a Political Instrument. Directed by Hernán Castro. 28 minutes. Centre Productions, 1988.

■ Cueca sola, La. Directed by Marilú Mallet. 52 minutes. Films de l’Atalante, 2003.

■ Dance of Hope. Directed by Deborah Shaffer and Lavonne Poteet. 78 minutes. Produced by Deborah Shaffer and Lavonne Poteet. 1989.

■ Dead Line. Directed by Alexander Marengo. 26 minutes. Platinum Film and Television, 1998.

■ Death and the Maiden. Directed by Roman Polanski. 103 minutes. Fine Line Features; Capitol Films, 1995.

■ Dulce patria (Sweet Country). Directed by Juan Andres Racy. Produced by Barbara Margolis and Juan Andres Racy. 57 minutes. 1985.

■ En nombre de Dios. Directed by Patricio Guzmán. 90 minutes. 1987.

■ Estación del regreso, La (The Season of Our Return). Directed by Leonardo Knocking. 84 minutes. Produced by Cristián Kaulen and Guillermo Palma. 1987.

■ Estadio nacional (National Stadium). Directed by Carmen Luz Parot. 90 minutes. Soledad Silva, 2001.

■ Fernando ha vuelto (Fernando Is Back). Directed by Silvio Caiozzi. 31 minutes. Andrea Films, 1998.

■ Frontera, La (The Frontier). Directed by Ricardo Larraín. 113 minutes. Cine XXI, 1991.

■ General Pinochet. Directed by Rosalind Bain and Jenny Barraclough. 57 minutes. Mentorn Barraclough Carey for Channel 4, 1998.

■ Gentile Alouette. Directed by Richard Billeaud. 113 minutes. 1985–1989.

■ Gringuito (Little Gringo). Directed by Sergio Castilla. 90 minutes. 1998.

■ Hijos de la guerra fría (Children of the Cold War). Directed by Gonzalo Justiniano. 76 minutes. 1985.

■ Historias de Lagartos (Lizards’ Tale). Directed by Juan Carlos Bustamante. 80 minutes. Bustamante Producciones, 1988.

■ The House of the Spirits. Directed by Neue Constantin. Miramax, 1993. Based on the novel by Isabel Allende.

■ Imagen latente (Latent Image). Directed by Pablo Perelman. 92 minutes. 1987.

■ In a Time of Betrayal. Directed by Carmen Castillo. 60 minutes. INA, 1994. Inside Pinochet’s Prisons. 30 minutes. Journeyman Pictures, 1973.

■ The Judge and the General. Directed by Elizabeth Farnsworth. 90 minutes. West Wind Productions, 2008.

■ Machuca. Directed by Andrés Wood. 138 minutes. Wood Producciones, 2004.

■ Memoirs of an Everyday War. Directed by Gaston Ancelovici. 30 minutes. Comisión Chileana de Derechos Humanos; Cinemateca Chilena, 1986.

■ Memoria desierta. Directed by Niles Atallah. 37 minutes. Produced by Niles Atallah and Will Sherman, 2007.

■ Missing. Directed by Costa-Gavras. Universal Pictures, 1982. Based on the book Missing, by Thomas Hauser, which was originally published as The Execution of Charles Horman.

■ My House Is on Fire. Directed by Rodrigo and Ariel Dorfman. 19 minutes. Dorfsky Brothers, 1997.

■ No me amenaces (Don’t Threaten Me). Directed by Juan Andres Racz. 52 minutes. La Mar Films, 1990.

■ Of Love and Shadows. Directed by Betty Kaplan. 104 minutes. Miramax, 1996. Based on the novel by Isabel Allende.

■ Padre santo y la Gloria (Holy Father and Gloria). Produced and directed by Estela Bravo. 43 minutes. 1987.

■ Patio 29: Historias de silencio (Patio 29: Stories of Silence). Directed by Esteban Larraín. 84 minutes. Fondo para del Desarrollo de las Artes y la Cultura, 1998.

■ Pinochet’s Last Stand. Directed by Richard Curson Smith. 77 minutes. HBO Films, 2008.

■ Pleut sur Santiago, Il (It’s Raining on Santiago). Directed by Helvio Soto. 109 minutes. 1977.

■ Postino, Il (The Postman). Directed by Michael Radford. 112 minutes. Cecchi Gori Group, 1995. Based on the novel Ardiente Paciencia, by Antonio Skármeta.

■ Salvador Allende. Directed by Patricio Guzmán. 100 minutes. 2004.

■ September 11, 1973: The Last Stand of Salvador Allende. Directed by Patricio Henríquez. 58 minutes. Macumba International, 1998.

■ Solidaridad: Faith, Hope and Haven. Directed by Edgardo Reyes and Gillian Brown. 57 minutes. Insite Video, 1989.

■ Special Circumstances. Directed by Marianne Teleki. 73 minutes. Tunnel Productions, 2006.

■ Steel Blues (Jours de fer). Directed by Jorge Fajardo. 34 minutes. Canada, 1976. A segment of Il n’y a pas d’oubli, directed by Jorge Fajardo, Marilú Mallet, and Rodrigo González (Canada, 1976).

■ Sweet Country (Dulce país). Produced and Directed by Michael Cacoyannis. 120 minutes. 1985. Based on the novel by Caroline Richards.

■ Threads of Hope. Produced by Les Harris. 50 minutes. TVOntario, CKVR-TV, and Vision TV, 1996.

■ Tyrants Will Rise from My Tomb, Chile. 30 minutes. Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 1986.

■ Vecino, El. Directed by Juan Carlos Bustamante. 90 minutes. Bustamante Productions, 1998.

■ Verdadera historia de Johnny Good, La. Directed by Pablo Tupper and Patricia del Rio. 36 minutes. Grupo Proceso, 1990.

■ Victor Jara: The Right to Live in Peace. Produced and directed by Carmen Luz Parot. 60 minutes. 1999, 2001.

The Aftermath of the “Dirty War”

■ Ahumada, Eugenio, and Rodrigo Atria. Chile: La memoria prohibida: Las violaciones a los derechos humanos, 1973-1983. 3 vols. Santiago: Pehuén, 1989.

■ Allen, Paula. Flores en el desierto [pictorial works]. Prologue by Isabel Allende, introduction by Patricia Verdugo. Santiago: Editorial Cuarto Propio, 1999.

■ Amnesty International. Pinochet Case: Universal Jurisdiction and the Absence of Immunity for Crimes against Humanity. London: Amnesty International, International Secretariat, 1999.

■ Avelar, Idelber. The Untimely Present: Postdictatorial Latin American Fiction and the Task of Mourning. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1999.

■ Bermúdez, Norberto, and Juan Gasparini. El testigo secreto. Buenos Aires: Javier Vergara, 1999.

■ Burbach, Roger. The Pinochet Affair: State Terrorism and Global Justice. London: Zed Books, 2003.

■ Cánovas, Rodrigo. Lihn, Zurita, Ictus, Radrigán: Literatura chilena y experiencia autoritaria. Santiago: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, 1986.

■ Caucoto Pereira, Nelson, and Héctor Salazar Ardiles. Un verde manto de impunidad. Santiago: Edicones Academia, Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano: Fundación de Ayuda Social de las Iglesias Cristianas, 1994.

■ Chile. Comisión Chilena de Derechos Humanos. Nunca más en Chile: Síntesis corregida y actualizada del informe Rettig. 2d ed. Santiago: Lom Ediciones: Comisión Chilena de Derechos Humanos: Fundación Ideas, 1999.

■ Chile. Comisión Nacional de Verdad y Reconciliación. Report of the Chilean National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation. 2 vols. Translated by Phillip E. Berryman. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1993.

■ Chile. Comisión Nacional sobre Prisión Política y Tortura. Informe de la Comisión Nacional sobre Prisión Política y Tortura. [Santiago?]: Ministerio del Interior, Comisión Nacional sobre Prisión Política y Tortura, [2005]. Available in English as well as Spanish.

■ Chile from Within, 1973?1988 [documentary photography]. New York: Norton, 1990.

■ Daniels, Alfonso. “From Torture Victim to President.” Progressive 70, no. 3 (March 2006): 30–32.

■ Dorfman, Ariel. Exorcising Terror: The Incredible Unending of General Augusto Pinochet. New York: Seven Stories Press, 2002.

■ Drago, Tito. El retorno de la ilusion: Pinochet, el fin de la impunidad. Barcelona: RBA, 1999.

■ Drake, Paul W., and Iván Jaksic, eds. The Struggle for Democracy in Chile, rev. ed. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995.

■ España, Aristóteles. El sur de la memoria. Punta Arenas, Chile: Divina Ediciones; Copenhagen, Denmark: Rehabilitation Centre for Torture Victims, 1992.

■ García Villegas, René. ¡Pisagua! Cain, ¿qué has hecho de tu hermano? Santiago: Editorial Periodística Emisión, 1990.

■ Gómez Araneda, León. Tras la huella de los desaparecidos. Santiago: Ediciones Caleuche, 1990.

■ Guerra-Cunningham, Lucía. Texto e ideología en la narrativa chilena. Minneapolis, Minn.: Institute for the Study of Ideologies and Literatures: Prisma Institute, 1987.

■ Hitchens, Christopher. The Trial of Henry Kissinger. London: Verso, 2001.

■ Jara, René. Los límites de la representación: La novela chilena del golpe. Valencia, Spain: Fundación Instituto Shakespeare: Instituto de Cine y Radio-Televisión, 1985.

■ Kornbluh, Peter. The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability. New York: New Press, 2003.

■ Lepeley, Oscar. “Autoritarismo y discurso literario: Teatro contestario chileno post-golpe.” PhD diss., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1994.

■ Montoya, Roberto, and Daniel Pereyra. El caso Pinochet y la impunidad en América Latina. La Rioja, Argentina: Editorial Pandemia, 2000.

■ Padilla Ballesteros, Elías. La memoria y el ovido: Detenidos desaparecidos en Chile. Santiago: Ediciones Orígenes, 1995.

■ Parodi Pinedo, Patricio C. El secuestro del general. [Chile?]: P. C. Parodi Pinedo, 1999.

■ Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto, and María Eugenia Oyarzún. Augusto Pinochet: Diálogos con su historia: Conversaciones inéditas. Providencia, Chile: Editorial Sudamericana, 1999.

■ Pratt, Mary Louise. “Overwriting Pinochet: Undoing the Culture of Fear in Chile.” Modern Language Quarterly 57, no. 2 (1996): 151–63. Reprinted in The Places of History: Regionalism Revisited in Latin America, edited by Doris Sommer, 21–33. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1999.

■ Ramos Arellano, Marcela, and Juan Andrés Guzmán de Luigi. La extraña muerte de un soldado en tiempos de paz: El caso de Pedro Soto Tapia. Santiago: Lom Ediciones, 1998.

■ Richard, Nelly, ed. Políticas y estéticas de la memoria. Coloquio “Políticas y Estéticas de la Memoria,” Universidad de Chile, 1999. Providencia, Santiago: Editorial Cuarto Propio, 2000.

■ Rodley, Nigel S. Report of the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Nigel S. Rodley, Submitted Pursuant to Commission on Human Rights Resolution 1995/37: Addendum: Visit by the Special Rapporteur to Chile. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations, 1996.

■ Rojas B., Paz. Persona, estado, poder: Estudios sobre salud mental. 2 vols. Santiago: Comité de Defensa de los Derechos del Pueblo, CODEPU, 1989–1996.

■ ———. Tarda pero llega: Pinochet ante la justicia española. Santiago: Lom Ediciones: CODEPU, 1998.

■ Rosales Herrera, Eduardo Alfonso. El juicio del siglo: Augusto Pinochet frente al derecho y la política internacional. Mexico City: Plaza y Valdes; Universidad del Valle de México, 2007.

■ Running, Thorpe. “Responses to the Politics of Repression by Poets in Argentina and Chile.” Hispania 73, no. 1 (1990): 40–49.

■ Salinas, Luis Alejandro. The London Clinic. Santiago: Lom Ediciones, 1999.

■ Sigmund, Paul E. The United States and Democracy in Chile. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.

■ Spero, Nancy. “Torture of Women” [selected panels]. In Leon Golub and Nancy Spero: War and Memory [exhibition catalog], 39–40, 72–3. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT List Visual Arts Center, 1994.

■ Subercaseaux, Elizabeth, and Malú Sierra. Michelle: Desde la cárcel a la presidencia de Chile. Barcelona: RBA, 2006.

■ Uribe Arce, Armando, and Miguel Vicuña Navarro. El accidente Pinochet. Santiago: Editorial Sudamericana, 1999.

■ Vidal, Hernán. Cultura nacional chilena, crítica literaria y derechos humanos. Series Literature and Human Rights, no. 5. Minneapolis, Minn.: Institute for the Study of Ideologies and Literatures, 1989.

■ Vitale, Luis, et al. Para recuperar la memoria histórica: Frei, Allende y Pinochet. Santiago: CESOC: Ediciones ChileAmérica, 1999.

■ Wright, Thomas C. “Legacy of Dictatorship: Works on the Chilean Diaspora.” Latin American Research Review 30, no. 3 (1995): 198–209.

■ ———. State Terrorism in Latin America: Chile, Argentina, and International Rights. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.

PARAGUAY

Background to the “Dirty War”

■ Mora, Frank O. “The Forgotten Relationship: United States-Paraguay Relations, 1937–89.” Journal of Contemporary History 33, no. 3 (1998): 451–73.

■ Roett, Riordan, and Richard Scott Sacks. Paraguay: The Personalist Legacy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1991.

The “Dirty War,” 1954-1989

Nonfiction and Testimonios

■ Aceves, William J. Anatomy of Torture: A Documentary History of Filartiga v. Pena-Irala. Leiden: Nijhoff, 2007.

■ Almada, Martín. Paraguay: La cárcel olvidada, el país exiliado. 8th ed. Asunción: Сandutн Vive: Intercontinental Editora, 1993.

■ Amnesty International. Prison Conditions in Paraguay: A Factual Report. London: Amnesty International, 1966.

■ Arellano, Diana. Movimiento 14 de Mayo para la liberación del Paraguay, 1959: Memorias de no resignación. Posadas, Argentina: Editorial Universitaria, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, 2005.

■ Blanch, José María. Ko ’aga Roñe ’ëta (Ahora hablaremos): Misiones 1976–1978: Testimonio campesino de la represión en Misiones. Asunción: Centro de Estudios Paraguayos “Antonio Guasch,” 1990.

■ Boccia Paz, Alfredo. La década inconclusa: Historia real de la OPM. Asunción: El Lector, 1997.

■ Claude, Richard Pierre. “The Case of Joelito Filártiga and the Clinic of Hope.” Human Rights Quarterly 5.3 (1983): 275–295.

■ Esteche Notario, Mario. Movimiento “14 de Mayo.” Paraguay: s.n., 1989.

■ Klaiber, Jeffrey L. “Paraguay (1954–1989): The Longest Dictatorship.” Chap. 5 in The Church, Dictatorships, and Democracy in Latin America, 92–109. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1998.

■ Lachi, Marcello, ed. Insurgentes: La resistencia armada a la dictadura de Stroessner. [Paraguay]: Uninorte: Arandura Editorial, 2004.

■ Lewis, Paul H. Paraguay under Stroessner. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1980.

■ ———. The Politics of Exile: Paraguay’s Febrerista Party. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1968.

■ Miranda, Carlos R. The Stroessner Era: Authoritarian Rule in Paraguay. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1990.

■ United States Congress. House Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Organizations. Human Rights in Uruguay and Paraguay. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

■ White, Richard Alan. Breaking Silence: The Case That Changed the Face of Human Rights. Advancing Human Rights series. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2004.

Literature

■ Bareiro Saguier, Rubén. Ojo por diente. Barcelona: Plaza Janés, 1985.

■ Casaccia, Gabriel. Los exiliados. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1966.

■ Delgado, Susie. 25 nombres capitales de la narrativa paraguaya. Asunción: Servilibro, 2005.

■ Rivarola Matto, Juan Bautista. La isla sin mar. Asunción, Paraguay: Arte Nuevo Editores, 1987.

■ Roa Bastos. I, The Supreme. Translated by Helen Lane. New York: Knopf, 1986. Translation of Yo, el Supremo (Buenos Aires: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 1974).

Films and Documentaries

■ One Man’s War. Directed by Sergio Toledo. 91 minutes. HBO Showcase, 1991, 2006.

■ The Aftermath of the “Dirty War”

■ Aceves, William J. Anatomy of Torture: A Documentary History of Filartiga v. Pena-Irala. Leiden: Nijhoff, 2007.

■ Blanch, José María, ed. El precio de la paz. Asunción: Centro de Estudios Paraguayos “Antonio Guasch,” 1991.

■ Boccia Paz, Alfredo. Es mi informe: Los archivos secretos de la policía de Stroessner. Asunción: Centro de Documentación y Estudios, 1994.

■ Comité de Iglesias. Testimonio contra el olvido: Reseña de la infamia y el terror: Paraguay, 1954-1989. Asunción: Comité de Iglesias, 1999.

■ Foster, David William. Augusto Roa Bastos. Twayne’s World Authors series. Boston: Twayne, 1978.

■ Rodriguez Alcalá, Guido. Testimonio de la repressión Política en Paraguay, 1975-1989. Serie Nunca más, vol. 3. Asunción: Comité de Iglesias, 1990.

■ Simón G., J. L. La dictadura de Stroessner y los derechos humanos. Serie Nunca más, vol. 1. Asunción: Comité de Iglesias, 1990.

■ ———. Testimonio de la repressión Política en Paraguay, 1954-1974. Serie Nunca más, vol. 2. Asunción: Comité de Iglesias, 1991.

■ Sondrol, Paul C. “The Paraguayan Military in Transition and the Evolution of Civil-Military Relations.” Armed Forces & Society 19, no. 1 (1992): 105–22.

URUGUAY

Background to the “Dirty War”

■ Blum, William. “Uruguay 1964–1970: Torture—as American as Apple Pie.”

■ Chap. 33 in Killing Hope: U.S. Military and C.I.A. Interventions since World War II, 200–206. Updated ed. Monroe, Me.: Common Courage Press, 2004.

■ Davis, William Columbus. “Uruguay: Lost Utopia.” Chap. 2 in Warnings from the Far South: Democracy versus Dictatorship in Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile, 17–69. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1995.

■ Gilio, María Esther. The Tupamaro Guerrillas. Translated by Anne Edmondson. New York: Saturday Review Press, 1972. Translation of La guerrilla tupamara (Havana: Casa de las Américas, 1970).

■ Jackson, Sir Geoffrey. Surviving the Long Night. New York: Vanguard, 1974. Published in 1973 under the title People’s Prison (London: Faber). Published in Spanish under the title Secuestrado por el pueblo (Barcelona: Pomaire, 1974).

■ Kaufman, Edy. Uruguay in Transition: From Civilian to Military Rule. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1979.

■ Labrousse, Alain. The Tupamaros. New York: Penguin Books, 1973.

■ Porzecanski, Arturo C. Uruguay’s Tupamaros: The Urban Guerrilla. New York: Praeger, 1973.

■ Taylor, Philip B., Jr. “Uruguay: The Costs of Inept Political Corporatism.” In Latin American Politics and Development, 2d. ed., edited by Howard J. Wiarda and Harvey F. Kline, 317–40. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1985.

■ Weinstein, Martin. Uruguay: The Politics of Failure. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1975.

■ Wilson, Carlos. The Tupamaros: The Unmentionables. Boston: Branden Press, 1974.

The “Dirty War,” 1973-1985

Nonfiction and Testimonios

■ Amnesty International. Report on Human Rights Violations in Uruguay. London: Amnesty International Publications, 1983.

■ ———. Uruguay Deaths under Torture, 1975-1977. London: Amnesty International Publications, 1978.

■ Appratto, Carmen. El Uruguay de la dictadura (1973-1985). Montevideo: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 2004.

■ Bloche, Maxwell G. “Uruguay’s Military Physicians: Cogs in a System of State Terror.” JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 255, no. 20 (1986): 2788–93.

■ Estefanell, Marcelo. Cuadernos de la historia reciente, 1968 Uruguay 1985: Testimonios, entrevistas, documentos e imágenes inéditas del Uruguay autoritario. Montevideo: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 2006.

■ González Bermejo, Ernesto. Las manos en el fuego. 3 vols. Montevideo: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 1985.

■ Klaiber, Jeffrey L. “Uruguay (1973–1990): A Long Silence and a Moral Referendum.” Chap. 6 in The Church, Dictatorships, and Democracy in Latin America, 110–20. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1989.

■ LaBarthe, J. F. “In Libertad Prison.” New York Review of Books 28 (19 November 1981): 38–39.

■ Liscano, Carlos. Truck of Fools. Translated by Elizabeth Hampsten. Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press, 2004. Translation of El furgón de los locos (Montevideo: Planeta, 2001).

■ McSherry, Patrice. “Death Squads as Parallel Forces: Uruguay, Operation Condor, and the United States.” Journal of Third World Studies 24, no. 1 (2007): 13–52.

■ Rial Roade, Juan. Partidos políticos, democracia y autoritarismo. 2 vols. Montevideo: Centro de Informaciones y Estudios del Uruguay: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 1984.

■ Rosencof, Mauricio, and Eleuterio Fernández Huidobro. Memorias del calabozo. 3 vols. Montevideo: TAE Editorial, 1987.

■ United States Congress. House Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Organizations. Human Rights in Uruguay and Paraguay. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

Literature

■ Aínsa, Fernando. Los naufragios de Malinow y otros relatos. Montevideo: Editorial de La Plaza, 1988.

■ ———. Las palomas de Rodrigo. Montevideo: Monte Sexto, 1988.

■ Arregui, Mario. La escoba de la bruja. Montevideo: Acali Editorial, 1979.

■ ———. Ramos generales. Montevideo: Arca, 1985.

■ Banchero, Anderssen. Ojos en la noche. Montevideo: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 1985.

■ ———. Las orillas del mundo. Montevideo: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 1980.

■ ———. Los regresos. Montevideo: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 1989.

■ ———. Triste de la calle cortada. Montevideo: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 1975.

■ Benedetti, Mario. Articulario: Desexilio y perplejidades: Reflexiones desde el sur. Madrid: El País/Aguilar, 1994.

■ ———. La casa y el ladrillo. Mexico City: Siglo XXI, 1976.

■ ———. Con o sin nostalgia. Mexico City: Siglo XXI, 1977.

■ ———. Cotidianas. Mexico City: Siglo XXI, 1979.

■ ———. El desexilio y otras conjeturas. Madrid: Ediciones El País, 1984.

■ ———. Geografías. Madrid: Alfaguara, 1984.

■ ———. Pedro y el capitán: Pieza en cuatro actos. Mexico City: Editorial Nueva Imagen, 1979.

■ ———. Primavera con una esquina rota. Madrid: Alfaguara, 1983.

■ ———. Recuerdos olvidados. Montevideo: Ediciones Trilce, 1988.

■ Bianqui, Matilde. A la gran muñeca: Una novela y dos historias que nunca se contaron. Montevideo: Tupac Amaru Editorial, 1988.

■ Bridal, Tessa. The Tree of Red Stars. Minneapolis, Minn.: Milkweed Editions, 1997.

■ Butazzoni, Fernando. El tigre y la nieve. Montevideo: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 1986.

■ Concurso Nacional de Cuentos de AEBU. Catorce cuentos por nueve autores. Montevideo: Arca, 1988.

■ Delgado Aparaín, Mario. The Ballad of Johnny Sosa: A Novel. Translated by Elizabeth Hampsten. Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press, 2002. Translation of La balada de Johnny Sosa (Montevideo: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 1987).

■ Eyherabide, Gley. En el zoo. Montevideo: TAE Editorial, 1988.

■ Fernández Sastre, Roberto. El turismo infame. Barcelona: Anagrama, 1987.

■ Galeano, Eduardo H. La canción de nosotros. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 1975.

■ ———. Days and Nights of Love and War. Translated by Bobby S. Ortiz. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1983. Translation of Días y noches de amor y de guerra (Barcelona: Editorial Laia, 1978).

■ Harari, Leo. La nostalgia tiene bolsillo. Montevideo: Editorial MZ, 1985.

■ Maia, Circe. Un viaje a Salto. Montevideo: Ediciones del Nuevo Mundo, 1988.

■ Marra, Nelson. Cenicienta antes del parto. Montevideo: Yoea Editorial, 1993.

■ ———. De cabreos y nostalgias. Madrid: La Palma, 1995.

■ ———. El guardaespaldas y otros cuentos. Stockholm: Nordam, 1980.

■ Martínez Moreno, Carlos. Animal de palabras. Montevideo: Arca, 1987.

■ ———. De vida o muerte. Buenos Aires: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 1971.

■ ———. El infierno [English]. Translated by Ann Wright. London: Readers International, 1988. Translation of El color que el infierno me escondiera (Mexico City: Editorial Nueva Imagen, 1981).

■ ———. Tierra en la boca. Buenos Aires: Editorial Losada, 1974.

■ Musto, Jorge. El pasajero. Havana: Casa de las Americas, 1977.

■ Onetti, Juan Carlos. Cuando entonces. Madrid: Mondadori, 1987.

■ ———. Let the Wind Speak. Translated by Helen Lane. London: Serpent’s Tail, 1996. Translation of Dejemos hablar al viento (Barcelona: Bruguera, 1979).

■ ———. Presencia y otros cuentos. Madrid: Almarubu, 1986.

■ Peri Rossi, Cristina. Cosmoagonías. Barcelona: Editorial Laia, 1988.

■ ———. A Forbidden Passion: Stories. Translated by Jane Treacy. Pittsburgh: Cleis Press, 1993. Translation of Una pasión prohibida (Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1986).

■ ———. El museo de los esfuerzos inútiles. Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1983.

■ ———. The Ship of Fools. Translated by Psiche Hughes. Columbia, La.: Readers International, 1989. Translation of La nave de los locos (Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1984).

■ ———. Solitaire of Love. Translated by Robert S. Rudder and Gloria Arjona. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2000. Translation of Solitario de amor (Barcelona: Grijalbo, 1988).

■ Prego, Omar. Sólo para exiliados. Montevideo: Arca, 1987.

■ Rein, Mercedes. Bocas de tormenta. Montevideo: Arca, 1987.

■ ———. Casa vacía. Montevideo: Arca, 1983.

■ Solinas, Franco. State of Siege. Translated by Brooke Leveque. New York: Ballantine Books, 1973. Translation of Estado de Sitio (Buenos Aires: Shapire, 1973). The screenplay for a film of the same title.

■ Vierci, Pablo. Detrás de los árboles. Montevideo: Editorial Proyección, 1987.

Films and Documentaries

■ Escondites del sol, Los (Hideaways of the Sun). Directed by Walter Tournier. 37 minutes. Imágenes, 1991.

■ Por esos ojos (For These Eyes). Directed by Gonzalo Arijón and Virginia Martínez. 52 minutes. France 2 Cinéma, Point du Jour, Télé Europe, 1997.

■ State of Siege. Directed by Costa-Gavras. Columbia, 1973. Based on the screenplay by Franco Solinas.

■ Tupamaros. Directed by Heidi Specogna and Rainer Hoffmann. 95 minutes. Specogna Film, 1996.

■ Welcome to Uruguay. Produced and directed by Gabriel Auer. 20 minutes. 1980.

■ Yeux des oiseaux, Les (The Eyes of the Bird). Directed by Gabriel Auer. 82 minutes. Antenne 2, et al., 1982.

The Aftermath of the “Dirty War”

■ Delgado, María. “Truth and Justice in Uruguay.” NACLA Report on the Americas 34, no. 1 (July/August 2000): 37–39.

■ Fried, Gabriela. “Piecing Memories Together after State Terror and Policies of Oblivion in Uruguay: The Female Political Prisoner’s Testimonial Project (1997–2004).” Social Identities 12, no. 5 (September 2006): 543–62.

■ Gillespie, Charles G. “Uruguay’s Transition from Collegial Military-Technocratic Rule.” In Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Latin America, edited by Guillermo O’Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, 173–95. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

■ Gonzalez, Luis E. Political Structures and Democracy in Uruguay. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1991.

■ Ruffinelli, Jorge. “Uruguay: Dictadura y re-democratización: Un informe sobre la literatura, 1973–1989.” Nuevo texto crítico 3, no. 5 (1990): 37–66.

■ Servicio Paz y Justicia, Uruguay. Uruguay Nunca Más: Human Rights Violations, 1972-1985. Translated by Elizabeth Hampsten. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992. Translation of Uruguay nunca más: Informe sobre la violación a los derechos humanos, 1972-1985 (Montevideo: Servicio Paz y Justicia, Uruguay, 1989).

■ Skaar, Elin. “Legal Development and Human Rights in Uruguay: 1985–2002.” Human Rights Review 8, no. 2 (January 2007): 52–70.

■ Sosnowski, Saúl, compiler. Represión, exilio, y democracia: La cultura uruguaya. Montevideo: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 1987.

■ Stone, Kenton V. Utopia Undone: The Fall of Uruguay in the Novels of Carlos Martínez Moreno. Lewisburg, Pa.: Bucknell University Press, 1994.

■ Trigo, Abril. “Candombe and the Reterritorialization of Culture.” Callaloo 16, no. 3 (1993): 716–28.

■ ———. “Poesía uruguaya actual (Los más jóvenes).” Hispamérica 64–65 (1993): 121-4.

■ Weinstein, Martin. Uruguay: Democracy at the Crossroads. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988.

■ Weschler, Lawrence. A Miracle, a Universe: Settling Accounts with Torturers. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.